Bayan irin wannan girgizar wutar lantarki, konewa, da gobara a matsayin walda ta hannu, argon arc waldi kuma yana da filaye masu yawa na lantarki, hasken lantarki, lalacewar hasken wuta, hayakin walda, da iskar gas masu guba waɗanda suka fi ƙarfin walƙiya na hannu.Mafi mahimmanci sune wutar lantarki mai girma da kuma ozone.
1. Hana lalacewa daga manyan filaye na lantarki
1. Ƙirƙiri da cutar da filayen lantarki masu yawan gaske
A cikin walda ta tungsten da waldawar baka na plasma, ana amfani da manyan oscillators masu yawan gaske don tada baka.Wasu injunan waldawa na AC argon kuma suna amfani da na'urori masu yawan gaske don daidaita baka.Mitar oscillator mai girma da aka fi amfani da shi wajen walda shine zagayowar dubu 200-500, ƙarfin lantarki shine 2500-3500 volts, ƙarfin mitar na yanzu shine 3-7mA, ƙarfin filin lantarki yana kusan 140-190 volts. /mita.Bayyanuwa na dogon lokaci na masu walda zuwa filayen lantarki masu ƙarfi na iya haifar da tabarbarewar jijiya da kuma neurasthenia.Alamomin sun hada da rashin bacci gaba daya, diwanci, mafarkin mafarki, ciwon kai, asarar ƙwaƙwalwa, gajiya, rashin ci, rashin barci da ƙarancin hawan jini.
Ma'auni na kiwon lafiya don manyan filayen lantarki na lantarki sun ƙayyade cewa halalcin ƙarfin radiation na tsawon sa'o'i 8 na fallasa shine 20 V/m.Dangane da ma'aunai, ƙarfin babban filin lantarki na lantarki da aka karɓa ta kowane ɓangaren walda yayin waldawar tungsten arc ɗin hannu ya zarce ma'auni.Daga cikin su, ƙarfin hannu shine mafi girma, wanda ya wuce ma'aunin lafiya fiye da sau 5.Idan ana amfani da oscillator mai girma kawai don kunna baka, tasirin zai kasance kaɗan saboda ɗan gajeren lokaci, amma bayyanar dogon lokaci kuma yana da illa, kuma dole ne a ɗauki matakan kariya masu inganci.
2. Matakan kariya daga manyan filayen lantarki na lantarki
⑴ Domin arc ignition da arc stabilization matakan a argon arc waldi, gwada amfani da transistor pulse na'urorin maimakon manyan juzu'i na na'urorin, ko kawai don kunna arc.Bayan da arc ya kunna, nan da nan yanke wutar lantarki mai yawan gaske.
⑵ Rage mitar oscillation, canza capacitor da sigogin inductor, da rage mitar oscillation zuwa zagayowar 30,000 don rage tasirin jikin ɗan adam.ku
⑶ Don igiyoyi masu kariya da wayoyi, yi amfani da lallausan wayoyi masu laushi masu laushi na tagulla, sanya su kewaye da waje na bututun na USB (ciki har da wayoyi a cikin fitilar walda da injin walda), sannan a niƙa su.ku
⑷Saboda wutar lantarki na da'irar oscillation mai girma yana da girma, dole ne ya kasance yana da kyau kuma abin dogara.
Kayan aikin walda na Xinfa yana da halaye masu inganci da ƙarancin farashi.Don cikakkun bayanai, da fatan za a ziyarci:Welding & Yanke Manufacturers - China Welding & Yanke masana'anta & Suppliers (xinfatools.com)
2. Rigakafin Raunin Rauni
1. Tushen da kuma haɗarin radiation
Electrode mai ban tsoro tungsten da aka yi amfani da shi wajen waldawar argon da waldawar baka na plasma ya ƙunshi 1-1.2% thorium oxide.Thorium wani abu ne na rediyo wanda radiation ke shafar yayin aikin walda da kuma lokacin saduwa da sandar tungsten mai ban tsoro.
Radiation yana aiki a jikin ɗan adam ta hanyoyi biyu: ɗaya shine isar da iska ta waje, ɗayan kuma isar da iska ta ciki lokacin da ya shiga jiki ta hanyar numfashi da tsarin narkewa.Yawancin bincike da ma'auni akan waldawar argon arc da walƙiya arc ɗin plasma sun tabbatar da cewa haɗarin rediyoaktif ɗinsu kaɗan ne, saboda kawai 100-200 MG na sandunan tungsten masu ban tsoro suna cinyewa kowace rana, kuma adadin radiation yana da ƙanƙanta kuma yana da kaɗan. tasiri a jikin mutum..Duk da haka, akwai yanayi guda biyu da dole ne a kula da su: na farko, lokacin walda a cikin akwati, samun iska ba ya da santsi, kuma ƙwayoyin rediyoaktif a cikin hayaki na iya wuce matakan lafiya;na biyu, a lokacin da ake niƙa thorium tungsten sanduna da kuma inda akwai thorium tungsten sanduna, rediyoaktif aerosols Kuma maida hankali ne akan rediyoaktif kura iya isa ko ma wuce lafiya matsayin.Kutsawa na kayan aikin rediyo a cikin jiki na iya haifar da cututtukan radiation na yau da kullun, wanda galibi ana bayyana shi a cikin raunin yanayin aiki na gabaɗaya, rauni na zahiri da rauni, rage juriya ga cututtukan cututtuka, asarar nauyi da sauran alamun.ku
2. Matakan hana lalacewar radiation
⑴ Sandunan tungsten masu ban tsoro yakamata su sami kayan ajiya na musamman.Lokacin da aka adana su da yawa, ya kamata a ɓoye su a cikin akwatunan ƙarfe kuma a sanye su da bututun shaye-shaye.
⑵ Lokacin amfani da murfin rufe don waldawa, bai kamata a buɗe murfin yayin aiki ba.Yayin aiki da hannu, dole ne a sa kwalkwali na samar da iska ko kuma a ɗauki wasu ingantattun matakai.ku
⑶ Ya kamata a shirya keken niƙa na musamman don niƙa sandunan tungsten masu gasa.Ya kamata a sanye da injin niƙa da kayan cire ƙura.Ya kamata a tsaftace tarkacen niƙa a ƙasa na injin niƙa akai-akai ta tsaftace rigar kuma a mai da hankali kuma a binne sosai.ku
⑷Sanya abin rufe fuska yayin da ake nika sandunan tungsten.Bayan saduwa da sandunan tungsten masu ban tsoro, yakamata ku wanke hannayenku da ruwan gudu da sabulu, kuma ku wanke kayan aikinku da safar hannu akai-akai.ku
⑸ Zaɓi ƙayyadaddun bayanai masu ma'ana yayin waldawa da yanke don guje wa ƙonawa da yawa na sandar tungsten mai ban tsoro.ku
⑹ Yi ƙoƙarin kada ku yi amfani da sandunan tungsten masu ban tsoro amma amfani da sandunan cerium tungsten ko yttrium tungsten sanduna, saboda na biyun ba su da radiyo.
3. Hana lalacewar arc haske
1. Hatsari na arc radiation
Welding arc radiation yafi hada da bayyane haske, infrared ray da ultraviolet ray.Suna aiki akan jikin ɗan adam kuma ƙwayoyin ɗan adam suna ɗaukar su, suna haifar da thermal, photochemical ko ionization effects a kan kyallen takarda, haifar da lalacewa ga kyallen jikin mutum.
⑴ Hasken ultraviolet Tsayin hasken ultraviolet yana tsakanin 0.4-0.0076 microns.Matsakaicin tsayin raƙuman ruwa, mafi girman lalacewar ilimin halitta.Fatar mutum da idanu suna kula da wuce gona da iri ga haskoki na ultraviolet.Karkashin aikin hasken ultraviolet mai karfi, fata na iya haifar da dermatitis, tare da erythema bayyana a kan fata, kamar dai an fallasa shi zuwa rana, har ma da ƙananan blisters, exudate da edema, tare da konewa, itching, taushi, kuma daga baya duhu. .Kwasfa.Idanun sun fi kula da hasken ultraviolet.Bayyanar ɗan gajeren lokaci na iya haifar da m keratoconjunctivitis, wanda ake kira electrophoto ophthalmia.Alamomin cutar sune zafi, ɓacin rai, yawan hawaye, photophobia, tsoron iska, da duhun gani.Gabaɗaya, Ba za a sami maɓalli ba.ku
Hasken ultraviolet na baka na walda yana da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi don lalata zaruruwa, kuma yadudduka na auduga sun fi lalacewa sosai.Farin masana'anta yana da ƙarfin juriya na UV saboda ƙaƙƙarfan kaddarorin gani.Hasken ultraviolet da aka samar da argon arc waldi sau 5-10 fiye da na walda na hannu, kuma lalacewar ta fi tsanani.Tufafin aiki don waldawar argon ya kamata a yi su da yadudduka masu jurewa acid kamar tweed da siliki na itacen oak.
⑵Infrared ray Tsawon raƙuman hasken infrared yana tsakanin 343-0.76 microns.Babban cutarwarsa ga jikin mutum shine tasirin thermal na nama.Hasken infrared mai tsayi yana iya ɗaukar jikin ɗan adam, yana sa mutane su ji zafi;Za a iya ɗaukar haskoki infrared gajere ta kyallen takarda, yana sa su ji zafi.
Yana zafi da jini da zurfin kyallen takarda, yana haifar da konewa.A lokacin aikin walda, idanunku za su fallasa su ga hasken infrared mai ƙarfi, kuma nan da nan za ku ji zafi mai ƙarfi da zafi mai zafi, kuma za a yi hasashe.Haɗin kai na dogon lokaci yana iya haifar da cataracts na infrared, asarar gani, da kuma a lokuta masu tsanani, makanta.Hakanan yana iya haifar da ƙonewar ido.
⑶Hasken Ganuwa Canjin hasken da ake iya gani na baka na walda ya fi sau 10,000 girma fiye da canjin hasken da ido tsirara ke iya jurewa.Lokacin da aka fallasa su zuwa radiation, idanu na iya jin zafi kuma ba za su iya gani sosai na ɗan lokaci ba.Ana kiran baka "mai ban mamaki", kuma ikon yin aiki ya ɓace cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, amma ana iya dawo da shi nan da nan.ku
2. Kariya daga hasken walda
Domin kare idanu daga lalacewar hasken baka, dole ne masu walda su sanya abin rufe fuska tare da tacewa na musamman lokacin walda.An yi abin rufe fuska da kwali na ƙarfe mai duhu, wanda ke da siffa mai kyau, mai nauyi, mai jure zafi, ba ya da ƙarfi, kuma baya fitar da haske.Ruwan tabarau na tacewa da aka ɗora akan abin rufe fuska, wanda aka fi sani da baƙar fata, ana amfani da shi azaman ruwan tabarau na tacewa.Ya kamata a ƙayyade zaɓin baƙar fata bisa ga ƙarfin walƙiyar halin yanzu.Hakanan ya kamata a yi la'akari da hangen nesa na walda da haske na yanayin walda.Matasa masu walƙiya suna da idanu masu kyau kuma yakamata su yi amfani da ruwan tabarau masu tacewa da manyan launuka masu duhu.Lokacin walda da dare ko a cikin duhu, ya kamata a zaɓi ruwan tabarau masu duhu.
Akwai wani nau'in ruwan tabarau na kariya wanda zai iya nuna haske mai ƙarfi, raunana ƙarfin hasken baka wanda ke lalata idanu, kuma mafi kyawun kare idanu.Hakanan akwai ruwan tabarau na hoto wanda zai iya daidaita hasken ta atomatik.Yana da kyakkyawar nuna gaskiya lokacin da ba a kunna baka ba kuma yana iya ganin shimfidar wuri a waje da madubi.Lokacin da aka kunna baka, baƙar fata na tabarau nan da nan zai zurfafa kuma yana iya toshe haske da kyau.Wannan yana kawar da buƙatar ɗaga abin rufe fuska ko jujjuya tabarau masu kariya yayin canza sandunan walda.
Don hana fatar walda daga lalacewa, yakamata a yi suturar kariya ta walda da zane mai launin haske ko farar fata don ƙara iya haskaka hasken baka.Aljihun kayan aikin yakamata su zama duhu.A yayin aiki, sai a daure daurin dauri sosai, a sanya safar hannu a waje da cuff din, a daure kwala, kada a rage kafafun wando, kuma kada a fito fili.
Domin hana ma'aikatan taimako da sauran ma'aikatan da ke kusa da wurin waldawa rauni ta hanyar hasken baka, dole ne su hada kai da juna, su gaishe da juna kafin su kunna wuta, sannan ma'aikatan taimako su sanya tabarau masu launi.Lokacin walda a kafaffen matsayi, yakamata a yi amfani da allon garkuwa mai haske.
Hadarin Gases masu Guba
Karkashin aikin babban zafin jiki da hasken ultraviolet mai karfi na baka na walda, ana samun iskar gas iri-iri masu cutarwa a kusa da yankin arc, daga cikinsu akwai ozone, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide da hydrogen fluoride.
1. Ozone Oxygen a cikin iska yana jure yanayin halayen photochemical a ƙarƙashin hasken ultraviolet na gajeren lokaci don samar da ozone (O3).Ozone iskar gas mai shuɗi mai haske mai ƙamshi mai ƙamshi.Lokacin da maida hankali ya yi yawa, yana da ƙanshin kifi;lokacin da maida hankali ya fi girma, yana da ɗanɗano ɗanɗano mai tsami a cikin kamshin kifi.Babban cutarwarsa ga jikin dan adam shine yana da tasiri mai karfi mai kara kuzari akan hanyoyin numfashi da huhu.Lokacin da sinadarin ozone ya wuce iyaka, yakan haifar da tari, bushewar makogwaro, bushewar harshe, ƙirjin ƙirji, asarar ci, gajiya, tashin hankali, tashin zuciya, ciwo na gaba ɗaya, da dai sauransu. rashin isasshen iska, yana iya haifar da mashako.
Dangane da ma'auni, ma'auni na ozone a cikin yanayin walda yana da alaƙa da abubuwa kamar hanyoyin walda, kayan walda, iskar kariya, da ƙayyadaddun walda.
Dangane da sakamakon bincike da bincike kan wuraren samarwa a cikin ƙasata, ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun tsafta don tattarawar ozone shine 0.3 mg/m3.
2. Nitrogen oxides Nitrogen oxides a lokacin aikin walda yana samuwa ne saboda yawan zafin jiki na arc, wanda ke haifar da rabuwa da sake haɗuwa da kwayoyin nitrogen da oxygen a cikin iska.Nitrogen oxides suma iskar gas mai guba ne, amma basu da guba fiye da ozone.Nitrogen oxides yana da tasiri mai ban sha'awa akan huhu.
Abubuwan da ke shafar tattarawar nitrogen oxides suna kama da ozone.A lokacin waldawar argon da waldawar arc na plasma, idan ba a ɗauki matakan samun iska ba, yawan iskar nitrogen oxides yakan wuce matakan kiwon lafiya fiye da sau goma ko ma sau da dama.Kasarmu ta tanadi cewa ma'aunin lafiya na nitrogen oxides (wanda aka canza zuwa = nitrogen oxide) shine 5 mg/m3.
A lokacin aikin walda, yuwuwar nitrogen oxides da ke wanzu ita kaɗai ba ta da yawa.Yawanci ozone da nitrogen oxides suna kasancewa a lokaci guda, don haka sun fi guba.Gabaɗaya, kasancewar iskar gas guda biyu masu guba a lokaci guda ya fi cutarwa sau 15-20 fiye da iskar gas guda ɗaya.
3. Carbon monoxide Carbon monoxide yana samuwa ta hanyar bazuwar iskar carbon dioxide a ƙarƙashin babban zafin jiki na arc.Duk nau'ikan walda na baka na buɗaɗɗen za su samar da iskar carbon monoxide, daga cikin abin da waldawar carbon dioxide ke haifar da mafi girma.Dangane da ma'auni, ƙwayar carbon monoxide kusa da abin rufe fuska na walda zai iya kaiwa 300 mg/m3, wanda ya fi ma'aunin lafiya fiye da sau goma.Matsalolin carbon monoxide da aka samar yayin waldawar arc ɗin plasma shima yana da yawa sosai, don haka ya kamata a ba da kulawa ta musamman ga yin aiki a cikin yanayi mara kyau.
Akwai kimanin kashi 1% na carbon monoxide a cikin hayaƙin walda na hannu, kuma maida hankali a cikin rufaffiyar akwati tare da rashin samun iska na iya kaiwa 15 mg/m3.Ma'aunin kiwon lafiya na ƙasata sun nuna cewa ƙwayar carbon monoxide shine 30 mg/m3.
Carbon monoxide iskar gas ne mai asphyxiating.Tasirinsa mai guba akan jikin mutum shine hana jigilar iskar oxygen a cikin jiki ko aikin tsotsewar nama na iskar oxygen, yana haifar da hypoxia nama da jerin alamomi da alamun hypoxia.Alamomin guba mai tsanani na carbon monoxide sune: ciwon kai, tashin hankali, tashin zuciya, amai, raunin gaba ɗaya, rauni a ƙafafu, har ma da jin suma.Idan ka bar wurin nan da nan kuma ka shaka cikin iska mai dadi, alamun za su shuɗe da sauri.A lokuta masu tsanani, ban da haɓakar alamun da ke sama, ƙwayar bugun jini yana ƙaruwa, mutum ba zai iya motsawa ba, ya shiga suma, kuma yana iya zama mai rikitarwa ta bayyanar cututtuka irin su edema na cerebral, edema na huhu, lalacewa na zuciya, da bugun zuciya. cuta.Carbon monoxide a ƙarƙashin yanayin walda galibi yana da tasirin gaske a jikin ɗan adam.Shakar dogon lokaci na iya haifar da neurasthenia kamar ciwon kai, tashin hankali, launin fata, raunin gaɓoɓi, asarar nauyi, da rashin jin daɗi gaba ɗaya.
Lokacin aikawa: Fabrairu-22-2024
