Abubuwan buƙatun inganci don sifofin welded, samfuran welded, da welded gidajen abinci suna da fuskoki da yawa. Sun haɗa da buƙatun ciki kamar aikin haɗin gwiwa da tsari. A lokaci guda, dole ne babu lahani a cikin bayyanar, siffa, daidaiton girman, ƙirar weld, saman da lahani na ciki. Don gano su da wuri-wuri, Don magance matsalolin, ana amfani da bincike na macroscopic sau da yawa da farko, sannan kuma cikakken bincike na microscopic idan ya cancanta.
Mafi mahimmancin abun ciki na binciken macro shine bincike na lahani na haɗin gwiwar welded. Yawanci ta yin amfani da hanyar nazarin ƙananan girman girman tsarin ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙarfe, lahani na ciki da aka samar ta hanyar haɗin gwiwar welded ana duba su ta hanyar ƙananan haɓakar ƙira, kuma an ƙayyade abubuwan da ke haifar da lahani tare da ƙididdigar haɓakar haɓakar haɓaka, da hanyoyin gujewa Ana samun kawarwa don inganta ingancin haɗin gwiwar welded. inganci.
By samfurin, nika, etching da shan low-magnification daukar hoto, za mu iya a fili da kuma ilhama duba macroscopic lahani na welded gidajen abinci, da kuma hade tare da daidai waldi matsayin, za mu iya yin hukunci ko waldi tsari, waldi ma'aikata, da waldi Tsarin iya saduwa da al'ada tsarin. abubuwan da suka dace. Abubuwan bukatu.
Dangane da dalilin samuwar da siffar lahani, ana iya rarraba lahanin macro na weld zuwa nau'ikan masu zuwa:
1. Tumatir
A lokacin aiwatar da crystallization na tafkin walda, wasu iskar gas na iya kasancewa a cikin madubin walda don samar da pores saboda ba su da lokacin tserewa.
Porosity wani lahani ne na kowa a cikin mahaɗar welded. Porosity ba kawai yana bayyana a saman walda ba, amma kuma yakan bayyana a cikin walda. Ba shi da sauƙi a gano tare da hanyoyi masu sauƙi yayin samar da walda, wanda zai haifar da mummunar cutarwa.
Pores na walda da ke faruwa a cikin walda ana kiran su pores na ciki, kuma kofofin da ke buɗe waje galibi ana kiran su pores.
2. Slag hadawa
Haɗin Slag shine narkakken slag ko wasu abubuwan da ba na ƙarfe ba a cikin walda, wanda shine lahani na gama gari a cikin walda.
A cikin walda ta amfani da waya mai cike da juzu'i, kamar waldawar baka mai nutsewa, ƙura ta zama ƙwanƙwasa saboda ƙarancin ajiya, ko kuma a cikin hanyar walda ta CO2 ba tare da juzu'i ba, samfurin deoxidation yana samar da slag, wanda ya rage a cikin ƙarfen walda mai yawa. Zai iya samar da inclusions slag.
3. Rashin isashen shiga da hadewa
Shigar da ba ta cika ba tana nufin ɓangaren da aka bari a tushen haɗin gwiwa wanda ba ya shiga gaba ɗaya yayin walda.
Rashin haɗuwa shine lahani na kowa. Yana nufin tazarar da ta rage na gida tsakanin narkakken ƙarfen walda da ƙarfen tushe ko tsakanin beads ɗin walda da ke kusa da su. Karfe na tushe da karfen tushe ba a narke gaba daya kuma a hade su yayin waldawar tabo. Wasu ana kiran su ba a haɗa su ba.
Kayan aikin walda na Xinfa yana da halaye masu inganci da ƙarancin farashi. Don cikakkun bayanai, da fatan za a ziyarci: Masu kera Welding & Yanke - Masana'antar Welding & Yankan masana'antar & Masu samarwa (xinfatools.com)
4. Kararrawa
Ana rarraba fasa walda zuwa tsage-tsalle masu zafi (crystal cracks, high-temperature liquefaction cracks, polygonal cracks), sanyi fasa (jinkiri tsage, hardening embrittlement fasa, low robobi fasa), reheat fasa, da lamellar hawaye bisa ga siffarsu da kuma haddasawa. Kara da sauransu.
5. Ƙarƙashin ƙasa
Ƙarƙashin ƙaƙƙarfan wani lokaci ana kiransa undercut. Tsagi ne wanda ya yi ƙasa da saman ƙasan ƙarfen tushe a ƙafar walda domin ƙarfen da aka ajiye ba ya cika narkakken ɓangaren ƙarfen a lokacin walda. Sakamakon welding baka narke gefen walda. Tazarar da narkakkarfan ya bari daga sandar walda ba ta cika ba.
Ƙarƙashin da aka yanke wanda ya yi zurfi sosai zai raunana ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa kuma yana iya haifar da lalacewa a tsarin da aka yanke.
6. Sauran lahani
Bugu da ƙari ga lahani na sama, lahani na yau da kullum a cikin walda sun haɗa da sako-sako, sanyi mai sanyi, ƙonewa, nodules na walda, raguwa, ramuka, sag, girman ƙafar walda mara kyau, rashin daidaituwa / juzu'i, da kusurwar yatsa mara kyau. jira.
Lokacin aikawa: Mayu-27-2024
