High carbon karfe yana nufin carbon karfe tare da w (C) sama da 0.6%. Yana da mafi girma hali don taurare fiye da matsakaici carbon karfe da kuma samar da high carbon martensite, wanda ya fi kula da samuwar sanyi fasa. A lokaci guda kuma, tsarin martensite da aka kafa a cikin yankin waldawa da zafi ya shafa yana da wuya kuma yana raguwa, yana haifar da ƙarancin filastik da taurin haɗin gwiwa don ragewa sosai. Saboda haka, weldability na high-carbon karfe ne quite matalauta, da kuma musamman walda matakai dole ne a soma don tabbatar da aikin na hadin gwiwa. . Don haka, ba kasafai ake amfani da shi a cikin welded tsarin. Babban karfen carbon ana amfani da shi ne don sassan injin da ke buƙatar tsayin daka da juriya, kamar jujjuyawa, manyan gears da couplings [1]. Domin adana karfe da sauƙaƙe fasahar sarrafawa, waɗannan sassan injin galibi ana haɗa su tare da tsarin walda. A cikin masana'antar injin nauyi, ana fuskantar matsalolin walda na manyan abubuwan ƙarfe na carbon. A lokacin da tsara walda tsari ga high carbon karfe weldments, daban-daban yiwu waldi lahani ya kamata a comprehensively nazari da m waldi matakan ya kamata a dauka.
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1 Weldability na babban carbon karfe
1.1 Hanyar walda
High carbon karfe ne yafi amfani ga Tsarin tare da high taurin da high lalacewa juriya, don haka babban waldi hanyoyin su ne lantarki baka waldi, brazing da submerged baka waldi.
1.2 Kayan walda
High carbon karfe waldi kullum baya bukatar daidai ƙarfi tsakanin hadin gwiwa da tushe karfe. Lokacin waldawar baka, ƙananan na'urorin lantarki masu ƙarfi tare da ƙarfin cire sulfur mai ƙarfi, ƙarancin abun ciki na hydrogen mai yaduwa a cikin ƙarfen da aka ajiye, da ƙaƙƙarfan ƙarfi gabaɗaya ana amfani da su. Lokacin da ake buƙatar ƙarfin ƙarfe na walda da ƙarfe mai tushe don zama daidai, ya kamata a zaɓi sandar walda mai ƙarancin hydrogen na daidaitaccen matsayi; lokacin da ba a buƙatar ƙarfin ƙarfe na walda da ƙarfe mai tushe ba, dole ne a zaɓi sandar walda mai ƙarancin hydrogen tare da matakin ƙarfin ƙasa fiye da na ƙarfe na tushe. Ka tuna ba za a iya zaɓar sandunan walda tare da matakin ƙarfi mafi girma fiye da ƙarfen tushe ba. Idan ba a yarda da ƙarfe na tushe ya zama preheated a lokacin walda ba, don hana sanyi a cikin yankin da zafi ya shafa, austenitic bakin karfe na lantarki za a iya amfani da shi don samun tsarin austenitic tare da kyakkyawan filastik da ƙarfin juriya.
1.3 Shirye-shiryen Bevel
Don iyakance yawan juzu'in carbon a cikin ƙarfe na weld, yakamata a rage rabon haɗin gwiwa, don haka ana amfani da ramukan U-dimbin yawa ko V-dimbin yawa yayin walda, kuma yakamata a kula da tsaftace tsagi da tabon mai. tsatsa, da sauransu a cikin 20mm a bangarorin biyu na tsagi.
1.4 Preheating
Lokacin waldawa da na'urorin ƙarfe na tsari, dole ne a fara zafi kafin waldawa, kuma ana sarrafa zafin zafin jiki tsakanin 250 ° C da 350 ° C.
1.5 Gudanar da Interlayer
Lokacin walda yadudduka da yawa da wucewa da yawa, ana amfani da ƙaramin lantarki mai ƙaramin diamita da ƙarancin halin yanzu don wucewa ta farko. Kullum, da workpiece ne sanya a cikin wani Semi-a tsaye waldi ko waldi sanda da ake amfani da su lilo a kaikaice, sabõda haka, dukan tushe karfe zafi-shafi yankin ne mai tsanani a cikin wani gajeren lokaci don samun preheating da zafi adana effects.
1.6 Maganin zafi bayan walda
Nan da nan bayan waldawa, ana sanya kayan aikin a cikin tanderun dumama kuma a ajiye shi a 650 ° C don kawar da damuwa [3].
2 Lalacewar walda na babban ƙarfe na carbon da matakan rigakafi
Saboda babban ƙarfe na carbon yana da ƙaƙƙarfan hali don taurare, zafi mai zafi da fashewar sanyi suna da wuyar faruwa a lokacin walda.
2.1 Matakan kariya don tsagewar zafi
1) Sarrafa nau'in sinadarai na weld, sarrafa sarrafa abubuwan sulfur da phosphorus sosai, da haɓaka abun ciki na manganese daidai don haɓaka tsarin walda da rage rarrabuwa.
2) Sarrafa siffar giciye na walda kuma sanya girman nisa-zurfin dan kadan ya fi girma don kauce wa rarrabuwa a tsakiyar walda.
3) Don madaidaicin walƙiya, sigogin walda masu dacewa, jerin walda masu dacewa da jagora ya kamata a zaɓi.
4) Idan ya cancanta, ɗauki preheating da jinkirin matakan sanyaya don hana faruwar fashewar thermal.
5) Ƙara alkalinity na sandar walda ko juyi don rage ƙazanta abun ciki a cikin weld da inganta matakin rarrabuwa.
2.2 Matakan rigakafi don faɗuwar sanyi[4]
1) Preheating kafin walda da jinkirin sanyaya bayan walda ba zai iya kawai rage taurin da kuma brittleness na zafi-shafi yankin, amma kuma hanzarta fitar da waje watsa hydrogen a cikin weld.
2) Zaɓi matakan walda masu dacewa.
3) Ɗauki matakan da suka dace da tsarin walda don rage damuwa na haɗin gwiwa da kuma inganta yanayin damuwa na walda.
4) Zaɓi kayan walda da suka dace, busasshen lantarki da jujjuyawar kafin walda, sannan a shirya su don amfani.
5) Kafin waldawa, ruwa, tsatsa da sauran gurɓataccen abu a kan tushen ƙarfe na asali a kusa da tsagi ya kamata a cire su a hankali don rage abun ciki na hydrogen mai yaduwa a cikin walda.
6) Dole ne a gudanar da maganin dehydrogenation nan da nan kafin a yi walda don ba da damar hydrogen ya tsere gaba ɗaya daga haɗin haɗin da aka haɗa.
7) Dole ne a yi maganin kawar da damuwa nan da nan bayan walda don inganta yaduwar hydrogen a waje a cikin walda.
3 Kammalawa
Saboda da high carbon abun ciki, high hardenability da matalauta weldability na high carbon karfe, yana da sauki don samar da high carbon martensite tsarin da waldi fasa a lokacin waldi. Saboda haka, lokacin walda high carbon karfe, da walda tsari dole ne a hankali zaba. Kuma a dauki matakan da suka dace a kan lokaci don rage faruwar fasa walda da inganta aikin haɗin gwiwa na walda.
Lokacin aikawa: Mayu-27-2024
