Bugu da kari ga tsari dalilai, sauran waldi tsari dalilai, kamar tsagi size da rata size, karkata kwana na lantarki da workpiece, da sarari matsayi na hadin gwiwa, kuma iya shafar weld samuwar da weld size.
Kayan aikin walda na Xinfa yana da halaye masu inganci da ƙarancin farashi. Don cikakkun bayanai, da fatan za a ziyarci:Welding & Yanke Manufacturers - China Welding & Yanke masana'anta & Suppliers (xinfatools.com)
1. Tasirin walda halin yanzu akan walda kabu samuwar
Ƙarƙashin wasu sharuɗɗa, yayin da ƙarfin walda na baka yana ƙaruwa, zurfin shigar ciki da ragowar tsayin walda yana ƙaruwa, kuma faɗin shigar yana ƙaruwa kaɗan. Dalilan sune kamar haka:
Yayin da ƙarfin walda na arc ɗin ke ƙaruwa, ƙarfin baka da ke aiki akan walda yana ƙaruwa, shigar da zafi na baka zuwa walda yana ƙaruwa, kuma matsayin tushen zafi yana motsawa ƙasa, wanda ke dacewa da tafiyar zafi zuwa zurfin tafkin narkakkar kuma yana ƙaruwa. zurfin shigar ciki. Zurfin shigar azzakarinsa kusan daidai yake da na yanzu, wato, zurfin shigar walda H kusan daidai yake da km ×I.
2) Gudun narkewar cibiya na walda ko waldawar waya tana daidai da na yanzu. Yayin da welding na walda na baka yana ƙaruwa, saurin narkewar wariyar walda yana ƙaruwa, kuma adadin narkarwar waya yana ƙaruwa daidai gwargwado, yayin da niɗin narkewa ya ƙaru kaɗan, don haka ƙarfin walda yana ƙaruwa.
3) Bayan walƙiyar halin yanzu yana ƙaruwa, diamita na ginshiƙi na baka yana ƙaruwa, amma zurfin baka yana shiga cikin aikin aikin yana ƙaruwa, kuma yanayin motsi na tabo arc yana da iyaka, don haka haɓakar nisa na narkewa kaɗan ne.
Lokacin waldawar baka mai garkuwar iskar gas, ƙarfin walda yana ƙaruwa kuma zurfin shigar walda yana ƙaruwa. Idan halin yanzu walda ya yi girma da yawa kuma yawan na yanzu ya yi yawa, mai yuwuwa shigar da yatsa kamar yatsa, musamman lokacin walda aluminum.
2. Tasirin baka irin ƙarfin lantarki akan walda kabu samuwar
Lokacin da wasu yanayi suka tabbata, ƙara ƙarfin ƙarfin baka zai ƙara ƙarfin baka daidai da haka, kuma shigar da zafi zuwa walda zai karu. Duk da haka, ana samun karuwar ƙarfin wutar lantarki ta hanyar ƙara tsayin baka. Haɓakawa a cikin tsayin baka yana ƙara radius tushen zafi na baka, yana ƙara ɓarnawar zafi, kuma yana rage ƙarfin kuzari na waldawar shigarwa. Sabili da haka, zurfin shigar ciki yana raguwa kaɗan yayin da zurfin shigar ya karu. A lokaci guda, tun lokacin waldi na yanzu ya kasance baya canzawa, adadin narkewar waya ya kasance ba canzawa, yana haifar da ƙarfafa walda don ragewa.
Ana amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban na walda don samun daidaitaccen kabu na walda, wato, don kula da daidaitaccen kabu na walda wanda ke samar da coefficient φ, da kuma ƙara ƙarfin ƙarfin baka yadda ya kamata yayin da ake ƙara ƙarfin walda. Ana buƙatar ƙarfin ƙarfin baka da walƙiya na halin yanzu suna da alaƙa da ta dace. . Wannan ya fi zama ruwan dare a cikin walda na baka na karfe.
3. Sakamakon saurin walda a kan samuwar walda
Ƙarƙashin wasu sharuɗɗan, haɓaka saurin walda zai haifar da raguwar shigar da zafin walda, don haka rage duka faɗin walda da zurfin shigar ciki. Tun da adadin jigon ƙarfe na waya a kowane raka'a tsawon weld ɗin ya yi daidai da saurin walda, ƙarfafa walda kuma yana raguwa.
Gudun walda alama ce mai mahimmanci don kimanta yawan aikin walda. Domin inganta aikin walda, ya kamata a ƙara saurin walda. Koyaya, don tabbatar da girman walda da ake buƙata a ƙirar tsari, ƙarfin walda na halin yanzu da ƙarfin baka dole ne a ƙara daidai yayin haɓaka saurin walda. Waɗannan adadi guda uku suna da alaƙa. Har ila yau, ya kamata a yi la'akari da cewa lokacin da ake ƙara ƙarfin walda, ƙarfin baka, da saurin walda (wato, yin amfani da baka mai ƙarfi da walƙiya mai girma), lalacewar walda na iya faruwa a lokacin samuwar narkakkar. tafkin da kuma tsarin ƙarfafa narkakken tafkin, kamar cizo. Gefuna, fasa, da sauransu, don haka akwai iyaka don ƙara saurin walda.
4. Tasirin nau'in walda na yanzu da nau'in polarity da girman lantarki akan samuwar weld
1. Nau'in da polarity na walda halin yanzu
Nau'in walda na halin yanzu sun kasu zuwa DC da AC. Daga cikin su, DC Arc waldi ya kasu kashi akai-akai DC da pulsed DC bisa ga gaban ko rashi na bugun jini na halin yanzu; bisa ga polarity, shi ne zuwa kashi DC gaba dangane (weldment yana da alaka da tabbatacce) da kuma DC juye dangane (welding da aka haɗa zuwa korau). AC Arc walda ya kasu kashi sine wave AC da murabba'in igiyar ruwa AC bisa ga daban-daban halin yanzu waveforms. Nau'in da polarity na walda halin yanzu yana rinjayar adadin shigarwar zafi ta baka zuwa waldawa, don haka yana shafar samuwar walda. Hakanan zai iya rinjayar tsarin canja wuri na droplet da kuma cire fim din oxide a saman karfen tushe.
Lokacin da ake amfani da walda na tungsten arc don walda karfe, titanium da sauran kayan ƙarfe, zurfin shigar cikin walda da aka kafa shine mafi girma lokacin da aka haɗa kai tsaye, shigar shine mafi ƙarancin lokacin da aka haɗa kai tsaye, kuma AC tana tsakanin biyu. Tunda shigar da walda shine mafi girma yayin haɗin kai tsaye kuma tungsten electrode kona hasara shine mafi ƙanƙanta, yakamata a yi amfani da haɗin kai tsaye lokacin walda karfe, titanium da sauran kayan ƙarfe tare da waldawar tungsten electrode argon arc. A lokacin da tungsten argon baka waldi yana amfani da pulsed DC waldi, da bugun jini sigogi za a iya daidaita, don haka waldi kabu kafa size za a iya sarrafa kamar yadda ake bukata. Lokacin yin walda aluminum, magnesium da kayan haɗin su tare da tungsten arc waldi, wajibi ne a yi amfani da tasirin tsabtace cathodic na arc don tsaftace fim din oxide a saman kayan tushe. Yana da kyau a yi amfani da AC. Tun da waveform sigogi na square kalaman AC ne daidaitacce, da waldi sakamako ne mafi alhẽri. .
A lokacin karfe baka waldi, da waldi zurfin shigar azzakari cikin farji da nisa a DC baya dangane sun fi girma fiye da waɗanda ke cikin kai tsaye dangane, da shigar azzakari cikin farji zurfin da nisa a AC waldi ne tsakanin biyu. Saboda haka, a lokacin nutsewar baka waldi, DC reverse dangane da ake amfani da samun mafi girma shigar azzakari cikin farji; yayin da lokacin waldawar baka mai zurfi, ana amfani da haɗin gaba na DC don rage shigar ciki. A lokacin gas garkuwa bak waldi, da shigar azzakari cikin farji zurfin ne ba kawai ya fi girma a lokacin DC reverse dangane, amma kuma waldi baka da droplet canja wurin tafiyar matakai ne mafi barga fiye da wadanda a lokacin kai tsaye dangane da AC, kuma shi ma yana da wani cathode tsaftacewa sakamako, don haka shi Ana amfani da shi sosai, yayin da haɗin kai na DC da Sadarwa gabaɗaya ba a amfani da su.
2. Tasirin siffar tip tungsten, diamita na waya da tsayin tsawo
Ƙaƙwalwar kusurwa da siffar tungsten electrode gaban ƙarshen yana da tasiri mai girma akan ƙaddamarwar arc da matsa lamba, kuma ya kamata a zaba bisa ga girman girman walda da kuma kauri na walda. Gabaɗaya, idan aka fi mayar da hankali kan baka kuma mafi girman matsi na baka, mafi girman zurfin shigar ciki da madaidaicin raguwa a cikin faɗin shigar.
A lokacin walda na ƙarfe na iskar gas, lokacin waldawar halin yanzu ta kasance akai-akai, mafi ƙarancin wariyar walda, mafi yawan dumamawar baka za ta kasance, zurfin shigar zai ƙaru, kuma faɗin shigar zai ragu. Duk da haka, lokacin zabar diamita na walda a cikin ainihin ayyukan walda, girman halin yanzu da narkakken siffar tafkin dole ne kuma a yi la'akari da shi don guje wa samuwar walda mara kyau.
Lokacin da tsawo tsawon wayan walda a cikin iskar gas karfen baka waldi ya karu, zafin juriya da ake samu ta hanyar waldawar halin yanzu ta hanyar tsattsauran bangare na wayar walda yana ƙaruwa, wanda ke ƙara saurin narkewar wayar walda, don haka ƙarfin walda yana ƙaruwa kuma zurfin shiga yana raguwa. Tun da resistivity na karfe waldi waya ne in mun gwada da girma, da tasiri na tsawo tsawon na waldi waya samuwar waldi kabu ya fi bayyana a cikin karfe da lafiya waldi. A resistivity na aluminum walda waya ne in mun gwada da kananan da kuma tasirinsa ba shi da wani muhimmanci. Ko da yake ƙara tsawon tsawon wariyar walda zai iya inganta ƙimar narkewar wayar walda, idan aka yi la'akari da kwanciyar hankali na narkewar wayar da samuwar kabu na walda, akwai damar da za a iya ba da damar bambancin tsawon tsayin walda. waya walda.
5. The tasiri na sauran tsari dalilai a kan waldi kabu kafa dalilai
Baya ga abubuwan da aka ambata a sama da aka ambata, wasu abubuwan aiwatar da walda, kamar girman tsagi da girman rata, kusurwar kusurwar lantarki da aikin aiki, da matsayi na sarari na haɗin gwiwa, kuma na iya shafar haɓakar weld da girman weld.
1. Tsagi da gibba
Lokacin da ake amfani da walda na baka don walda mahaɗin gindi, ko don tanadin rata, girman ratar, da nau'in tsagi yawanci ana ƙididdige su ne bisa kaurin farantin ɗin da aka naɗe. Lokacin da wasu yanayi suka kasance akai-akai, girman girman tsagi ko rata, ƙarami na ƙarfafa welded dinki, wanda yayi daidai da raguwa a matsayi na weld din, kuma a wannan lokacin haɗin haɗin yana raguwa. Sabili da haka, ana iya amfani da barin ramuka ko buɗewa don sarrafa girman ƙarfin ƙarfafawa da daidaita yanayin haɗuwa. Idan aka kwatanta da beveling ba tare da barin gibi ba, yanayin zafi na biyu ya ɗan bambanta. Gabaɗaya magana, yanayin crystallization na beveling sun fi dacewa.
2. Electrode (welding waya) karkata kwana
Lokacin waldawar baka, gwargwadon alakar da ke tsakanin hanyar karkatar da wutar lantarki da alkiblar walda, ta kasu kashi biyu: karkatar da wutar lantarki ta gaba da kuma karkatar da wutar lantarki ta baya. Lokacin walda waya karkata, baka axis kuma karkatar daidai da. Lokacin da wariyar walda ta karkata gaba, tasirin ƙarfin baka akan koma baya na narkakkar ruwan tafkin ya yi rauni, ƙaramin ƙarfe na ruwa a ƙasan narkakken tafkin ya zama mai kauri, zurfin shigar ciki yana raguwa, zurfin baka yana shiga. a cikin walda yana raguwa, kewayon motsi na tabo yana faɗaɗa, kuma nisa narke yana ƙaruwa, kuma haɗin gwiwa yana raguwa. Karamin kusurwar gaba na α na wayar walda, mafi ƙaranci wannan tasirin shine. Lokacin da aka karkatar da wayar walda a baya, yanayin ya bambanta. Lokacin amfani da walda na baka na lantarki, ana amfani da hanyar da baya karkatar da wutar lantarki sau da yawa, kuma kusurwar karkata α tana tsakanin 65° da 80°.
3. Ƙaƙwalwar kusurwa na walda
Ana fuskantar karkatar walda sau da yawa a ainihin samarwa kuma ana iya raba shi zuwa walda ta sama da walda ta ƙasa. A wannan lokacin, ƙarfen tafkin narkakkar yana ƙoƙarin gangara zuwa ƙasa tare da gangaren ƙarƙashin aikin nauyi. A lokacin walda a kan tudu, nauyi yana taimakawa karfen narkakkar tafki ya matsa zuwa baya na narkakkar tafki, don haka zurfin shigar ciki babba ne, narkakkar fadin yana kunkuntar, sauran tsayinsa babba ne. Lokacin da kusurwar sama ta α ta kasance 6 ° zuwa 12 °, ƙarfafawa ya yi girma da yawa kuma raguwa yana da wuyar faruwa a bangarorin biyu. Lokacin waldawar ƙasa, wannan tasirin yana hana ƙarfen da ke cikin narkakkar tafkin daga fitarwa zuwa bayan narkakken tafkin. Arc ba zai iya dumama ƙarfen da ke ƙasan narkakkar tafkin ba. Zurfin shigar ciki yana raguwa, kewayon motsi tabo na baka yana faɗaɗa, narkakken faɗin yana ƙaruwa, sauran tsayin daka yi yana raguwa. Idan kusurwar walƙiya tana da girma da yawa, zai haifar da rashin isashen shiga da zubar da ƙarfe na ruwa a cikin narkakken tafkin.
4. Weldment abu da kauri
A waldi shigar azzakari cikin farji yana da alaka da waldi halin yanzu, kazalika da thermal watsin da kuma volumetric zafi damar kayan. Mafi kyawun ingancin thermal conductivity na kayan kuma mafi girman ƙarfin zafi na volumetric, ana buƙatar ƙarin zafi don narke juzu'in naúrar ƙarfe da haɓaka zafin jiki iri ɗaya. Saboda haka, a karkashin wasu yanayi kamar walda halin yanzu da sauran yanayi, da zurfin shigar azzakari cikin farji da nisa zai zama kawai rage. Mafi girma da yawa na abu ko danko na ruwa, da mafi wuya shi ne ga baka don murkushe ruwa narkakkar pool karfe, da shallower zurfin shigar azzakari cikin farji. Kauri daga cikin walda yana rinjayar tafiyar da zafi a cikin walda. Lokacin da wasu yanayi suka kasance iri ɗaya, kauri na walda yana ƙaruwa, zafin zafi yana ƙaruwa, kuma faɗin shiga da zurfin shiga yana raguwa.
5. Flux, electrode shafi da garkuwar gas
Daban-daban abubuwan da aka haɗa na juzu'i ko murfin lantarki suna haifar da raguwar ƙarfin wutar lantarki daban-daban da ginshiƙin baka mai yuwuwar gradients na baka, wanda babu makawa zai yi tasiri ga samuwar walda. Lokacin da yawan juzu'in ya yi ƙanƙanta, girman barbashi ya yi girma, ko tsayin daka ya yi ƙarami, matsa lamba a kusa da baka ya yi ƙasa kaɗan, ginshiƙin arc ɗin yana faɗaɗa, kuma tabo na baka yana motsawa cikin babban kewayo, don haka zurfin shigar ƙarami ne. nisa narke yana da girma, kuma ragowar tsayin ƙarami ne. Lokacin walda sassa masu kauri tare da walƙiyar baka mai ƙarfi, ta yin amfani da juzu'i mai kama da ƙwanƙwasa na iya rage matsi na baka, rage zurfin shigar ciki, da ƙara faɗin shigar. Bugu da kari, walda slag ya kamata ya dace danko da narkewa zafin jiki. Idan danko ya yi yawa ko kuma zafin narkewar ya yi girma, slag ɗin zai sami ƙarancin iska, kuma yana da sauƙi don samar da ramukan matsa lamba da yawa a saman walda, kuma lalacewar ƙasa na walda zai zama mara kyau.
Abubuwan da ke tattare da iskar garkuwa (kamar Ar, He, N2, CO2) da ake amfani da su wajen waldawar baka ya bambanta, kuma kaddarorinsa na zahiri kamar su thermal conductivity sun bambanta, wanda ke shafar digon matsa lamba na baka, yuwuwar gradient na ginshiƙin baka, sashin gudanarwa na ginshiƙin baka, da ƙarfin kwararar plasma. , ƙayyadaddun rarraba zafi na musamman, da dai sauransu, duk abin da ke shafar samuwar weld.
A takaice dai, akwai abubuwa da yawa da ke shafar samuwar walda. Don samun kyakkyawan tsari na weld, kuna buƙatar zaɓar bisa ga kayan da kauri na walda, matsayi na sararin samaniya, nau'in haɗin gwiwa, yanayin aiki, abubuwan da ake buƙata don aikin haɗin gwiwa da girman weld, da dai sauransu. Ana amfani da yanayin walda don walda, kuma abu mafi mahimmanci shine halin walda game da walda! In ba haka ba, da waldi samuwar samu da kuma yi na iya kasa cika da bukatun, da kuma daban-daban walda lahani na iya ma faruwa.
Lokacin aikawa: Fabrairu-27-2024
