Tare da saurin haɓakar manyan hanyoyin jirgin ƙasa masu sauri da nauyi, tsarin waƙar ana maye gurbinsu a hankali da layukan da ba su da kyau daga layukan yau da kullun. Idan aka kwatanta da layukan yau da kullun, layin da ba shi da kyau yana kawar da adadi mai yawa na haɗin gwiwar dogo a cikin masana'anta, don haka yana da fa'idar gudana mai laushi, ƙarancin kula da waƙa, da kuma tsawon rayuwar sabis. Ya zama babbar hanyar gina layin dogo mai sauri a halin yanzu. Layin da ba shi da kyau shine muhimmiyar sabuwar fasaha ta hanyar jirgin ƙasa. Layin da aka yi ta hanyar walda manyan dogo na karfe na yau da kullun zuwa dogayen dogo na wani tsayi, walda da shimfida dogayen dogo masu tsayi ana kiran layin maras sumul. Waldawar dogo wani muhimmin sashi ne na shimfida layukan da ba su da kyau.
A halin yanzu, hanyoyin walda na haɗin gwiwar layin dogo maras kyau sun haɗa da walƙiyar lamba ta dogo, walƙiyar iskar gas da walƙiyar aluminothermic:
01 Hanyar walda da tsari
Weld ɗin tuntuɓar dogo (walkin walƙiya) gabaɗaya ana amfani da shi wajen waldawar masana'anta. Kashi 95% na layin da ba shi da kyau ana kammala shi ta wannan tsari, wato daidaitaccen layin dogo mai tsayin mita 25 kuma babu ramuka da ake waldawa cikin dogon dogo na mita 200-500.
Ka'idar ita ce amfani da wutar lantarki don samar da zafi ta hanyar tuntuɓar layin dogo don narkar da ɓangaren ƙarshen ƙarshen layin dogo, sannan a kammala walda ta hanyar tayar da hankali. Tun waldi zafi tushen lamba waldi zo daga ciki zafi tushen workpiece, da zafi ne mayar da hankali, da dumama lokaci ne takaice, da waldi tsari ba ya bukatar filler karfe, da metallurgical tsari ne in mun gwada da sauki, zafi shafi yankin ne. ƙananan, kuma yana da sauƙi don samun ingantacciyar haɗin gwiwa mai walƙiya.
Tsarin walda da masana'antar walda ta dogo ta ɗauka shine asali iri ɗaya, waɗanda suka haɗa da: daidaita layin dogo, gano aibi, gyara ƙarshen layin dogo, shigar da tashar don waldawa, walda, niƙa mai laushi, niƙa mai kyau, daidaitawa, daidaitawa, lahani. ganowa, shigar da dandamali na dogo, shigar da Tsarin walda shine mafi mahimmanci a cikin dukkan matakai. Ingancin walda yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da nauyin aikin kiyaye layin. Idan akwai matsala, zai yi haɗari ga lafiyar tuƙi a cikin manyan lamura. Idan aka kwatanta da sauran hanyoyin waldawar dogo, waldawar walƙiya tana da babban matakin aiki da kai kuma abubuwan ɗan adam ba su da tasiri. Kayan aikin walda suna sanye da sarrafa kwamfuta, tare da ƙananan sauye-sauye a ingancin walda da haɓakar walda. A karkashin yanayi na al'ada, idan aka kwatanta da waldawar iskar gas da waldawar thermite, ƙarfin layin walda na layin dogo ya fi girma, kuma raguwar raguwa akan layin kusan 0.5/10000 ko ƙasa da haka. Koyaya, idan aka kwatanta da kayan tushe, ƙarfinsa har yanzu yana ƙasa da na kayan tushe saboda dalilai masu zuwa:
(1) Jirgin dogo babban kayan mashaya ne, kuma ainihin kayan sa ba shi da kyau, tare da ƙananan abubuwan narkewa, sako-sako, da ƙwaya. A lokacin aikin walda da tashin hankali, kayan gefen gefen suna extruded, kuma ainihin kayan shine An maye gurbinsa ta hanyar fadada waje, kuma ƙwayar fibrous ta katse kuma ta lanƙwasa, kuma mafi girman adadin tashin hankali, mafi mahimmancin wannan yanayin.
(2) Saboda tasirin thermal na walda high zafin jiki, da hatsi ne m a cikin 1-2mm yankin kusa da weld, da kuma hatsi an rage zuwa 1-2 maki.
(3) Bangaren layin dogo bai yi daidai ba, sama da kasa na layin dogo ne dalla-dalla, sannan kusurwoyi biyu na kasan dogo an fadada sassan. Zazzabi na kusurwoyi biyu na kasan dogo yana da ƙasa yayin walda. yanayin zafi
(4) Akwai lahani da suke da wuya a kawar da su a kan weld - launin toka.
02 Hanyar waldawar iskar gas da tsari
A halin yanzu, walda ɗin iskar gas ɗin da ake amfani da shi a ko'ina cikin layin dogo wata karamar na'ura ce ta wayar tafi-da-gidanka, wacce aka fi amfani da ita don walda haɗin haɗin gwiwa na dogayen dogo a wurin, kuma tana iya amfani da rufaffiyar hasken sararin sama wajen walƙan layin dogo da suka lalace.
Ka'idar ita ce ta ɗora fuskar ƙarshen layin dogo zuwa yanayin filastik, da kuma haifar da adadin tashin hankali a ƙarƙashin aikin tsayayyen ƙarfi. Lokacin da adadin tashin hankali ya kai wani adadi, ana haɗa layin dogo gabaɗaya.
The halin yanzu kananan iska matsa lamba waldi inji su ne m gida waldi, da waldi tsari ne gaba ɗaya kasu kashi matakai kamar oxy-acetylene harshen preheating, pre-pressurization, low-matsa lamba upsetting, high-matsi tashin hankali, da kuma matsa lamba-riƙe da turawa. Wajibi ne a daidaita layin dogo da hannu tare da lura da yanayin zafi tare da ido tsirara, don haka yana da matukar tasiri ga abubuwan ɗan adam, kuma yana da saurin walda kurakuran haɗin gwiwa da lahani na haɗin gwiwa.
Amma saboda yana da halaye na kayan aiki masu sauƙi, ƙananan girman da nauyi mai sauƙi, yana da sauƙi don motsawa akan layi, layi da kuma kan wurin ginin, kuma aikin yana da sauƙi, don haka ana amfani dashi sosai don walda dogayen dogo a kan ginin. .
03 Hanyar waldawar thermite da tsari
Ana amfani da walda na thermite gabaɗaya a wurin walda layin dogo, kuma hanya ce da babu makawa don shimfida layi, musamman don kulle layin da ba su da kyau da kuma gyara tsagerun dogo. Aluminothermic walda na dogo yana dogara ne akan ƙaƙƙarfan alaƙar sinadarai tsakanin aluminium a cikin juyi da iskar oxygen a ƙarƙashin yanayin zafin jiki. Yana rage nauyi mai nauyi kuma yana fitar da zafi a lokaci guda, yana narkar da karafa zuwa narkakkar ƙarfe don yin simintin gyare-gyare da walda.
Muhimmin tsari shine a sanya ɗigon zafin jiki da aka shirya a cikin ƙugiya ta musamman, kunna jujjuyawar tare da yanayin zafi mai zafi, samar da haɓakar sinadarai mai ƙarfi, da samun narkakken ƙarfe mai zafi mai zafi da slag. Bayan motsin ya huce, zuba narkakken ƙarfe mai zafin jiki a cikin Ɗaure rails a cikin yumbun yashi da aka rigaya, narke ƙarshen ginshiƙan dogo a cikin ƙirar yashi, cire ƙwayar yashi bayan sanyaya, sannan a sake fasalin haɗin gwiwar da aka haɗa cikin lokaci. , da kuma sassan biyu na dogo suna welded zuwa daya. Kodayake kayan walda na aluminothermic yana da halaye na ƙananan saka hannun jari, aikin walda mai sauƙi, da kuma santsi mai kyau na haɗin gwiwa, kabu ɗin walda wani tsari ne mai kauri mai kauri tare da ƙarancin tauri da filastik. Zai fi kyau a yi maganin zafi bayan-weld don inganta aikin haɗin gwiwa. .
A takaice, ingancin walda na dogayen dogo ya kamata ya zama mafi kyau tare da waldar lamba da walƙiyar iskar gas. Ƙarfi na ƙarshe, ƙarfin yawan amfanin ƙasa da ƙarfin gajiyar walƙiya na lamba da walƙiyar iskar gas na iya kaiwa fiye da 90% na ƙarfen tushe. Ingancin waldawar aluminothermic ya ɗan yi muni, ƙarfinsa na ƙarshe shine kusan kashi 70% na ƙarfe na tushe, ƙarfin gajiya ya ma fi muni, kawai ya kai 45% zuwa 70% na ƙarfe na tushe, kuma ƙarfin amfanin ƙasa ya ɗan fi kyau, wanda. yana kusa da na lamba walda.
Lokacin aikawa: Maris-01-2023
