Ci gaban wukake yana da matsayi mai mahimmanci a tarihin ci gaban ɗan adam. Tun daga karni na 28 zuwa na 20 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa, an samu bututun tagulla da mazugi na tagulla, atisaye, da wukake da sauran wukake na tagulla a kasar Sin. A ƙarshen lokacin Jihohin yaƙi (ƙarni na uku BC), an yi wuƙaƙen jan ƙarfe saboda ƙwarewar fasahar carburizing. Likitoci da zato a wancan lokacin suna da kamanceceniya da na zamani da zato.
Saurin haɓaka wuƙaƙe ya zo tare da haɓaka injina kamar injin tururi a ƙarshen karni na 18.
A shekara ta 1783, René na Faransa ya fara samar da masu yankan niƙa. A cikin 1923, Schrotter na Jamus ya ƙirƙira simintin carbide. Lokacin amfani da siminti carbide, yadda ya dace ya fi sau biyu fiye da na ƙarfe mai sauri, kuma ingancin saman da girman girman kayan aikin da aka sarrafa ta hanyar yanke kuma an inganta sosai.
Saboda tsadar ƙarfe mai sauri da simintin carbide, a cikin 1938, Kamfanin Degusa na Jamus ya sami haƙƙin mallaka akan wuƙaƙen yumbu. A cikin 1972, Kamfanin General Electric na Amurka ya samar da lu'u-lu'u na lu'u-lu'u na polycrystalline da polycrystalline cubic boron nitride. Wadannan kayan aikin da ba na ƙarfe ba suna ba da damar kayan aiki don yankewa a cikin sauri mafi girma.
A cikin 1969, Ayyukan Sandvik Karfe na Yaren mutanen Sweden sun sami takardar izini don samar da abubuwan da aka sanya na carbide mai rufi na titanium ta hanyar jigilar sinadarai. A shekara ta 1972, Bangsha da Lagolan a Amurka sun ɓullo da wata hanyar da za a ajiye tururi ta jiki don yin sutura mai kauri na titanium carbide ko titanium nitride a saman simintin carbide ko kayan aikin ƙarfe masu sauri. Hanyar daɗaɗɗen shimfidar wuri ta haɗu da ƙarfin ƙarfi da ƙarfi na kayan tushe tare da tsayin daka mai ƙarfi da juriya na shimfidar wuri, don haka kayan haɗin gwiwar yana da mafi kyawun aikin yankewa.
Saboda yawan zafin jiki, matsa lamba, babban gudu, da sassan da ke aiki a cikin kafofin watsa labaru masu lalata, ana amfani da kayan aiki masu wuyar gaske, kuma matakin sarrafa kansa na yanke aiki da kuma bukatun da ake bukata don sarrafa daidaito suna karuwa da girma. . Lokacin zabar kusurwar kayan aiki, wajibi ne a yi la'akari da tasirin abubuwa daban-daban, irin su kayan aiki, kayan aiki, kayan aiki (m, ƙarewa), da dai sauransu, kuma dole ne a zaba da kyau bisa ga takamaiman halin da ake ciki.
Kayan aiki na yau da kullun: ƙarfe mai sauri, carbide siminti (ciki har da cermet), yumbu, CBN (cubic boron nitride), PCD (lu’ulu’u polycrystalline), saboda taurinsu ya fi ɗaya ƙarfi, don haka gabaɗaya magana, saurin yankan shima ɗaya ne. ya fi sauran tsayi.
Binciken aikin kayan aikin kayan aiki
Karfe mai sauri:
Yana za a iya raba talakawa high-gudun karfe da high-yi high-gudun karfe.
Karfe mai sauri na yau da kullun, irin su W18Cr4V, ana amfani da shi sosai wajen kera manyan wukake daban-daban. Gudun yankansa gabaɗaya bai yi girma ba, kuma yana da 40-60m / min lokacin yankan kayan ƙarfe na gama gari.
Karfe mai sauri mai girma, kamar W12Cr4V4Mo, ana narkewa ta hanyar ƙara wasu abubuwan carbon, abun ciki na vanadium, cobalt, aluminum da sauran abubuwa zuwa ƙarfe mai sauri na talakawa. Karfinsa shine sau 1.5-3 na ƙarfe mai sauri na yau da kullun.
Carbide:
Dangane da GB2075-87 (tare da ma'auni na 190), ana iya raba shi zuwa nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan P, M, da K. P-type cemented carbide galibi ana amfani da su don sarrafa karafa na ƙarfe tare da guntu masu tsayi, kuma ana amfani da shuɗi azaman alama; Nau'in M-nau'in galibi ana amfani dashi don sarrafa karafa na ƙarfe. Kuma wadanda ba na ƙarfe ba, masu alama da rawaya, kuma aka sani da maƙasudin maƙasudi na gabaɗaya, nau'in K ana amfani dashi galibi don sarrafa karafa na ƙarfe, ƙarfe mara ƙarfe da kayan da ba na ƙarfe ba tare da guntu guntu, alamar ja.
Lambobin Larabci a bayan P, M, da K suna nuna aikin sa da sarrafa kaya ko yanayin sarrafawa. Ƙananan lambar, mafi girma da taurin kuma mafi muni da taurin.
yumbu:
Kayan yumbu suna da juriya mai kyau kuma suna iya sarrafa kayan aiki masu ƙarfi waɗanda ke da wahala ko ba za a iya sarrafa su da kayan aikin gargajiya ba. Bugu da kari, yumbu yankan kayan aikin iya kawar da ikon amfani da annealing sarrafa, sabili da haka kuma iya ƙara taurin na workpiece da tsawaita rayuwar sabis na inji kayan aiki.
Ƙunƙarar da ke tsakanin yumbura da karfe yana da ƙananan lokacin yankan, yankan ba shi da sauƙi don manne wa ruwa, kuma ba shi da sauƙi don samar da gefen da aka gina, kuma yana iya yin yankan sauri. Sabili da haka, a ƙarƙashin yanayi iri ɗaya, ƙarancin yanayin aikin aikin yana da ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarfi. Ƙarfin kayan aiki yana da sau da yawa ko ma sau da yawa fiye da na kayan aikin gargajiya, wanda ya rage yawan canjin kayan aiki yayin aiki; high zafin jiki juriya, mai kyau ja taurin. Yana iya yanke ci gaba a 1200 ° C. Saboda haka, saurin yankan abubuwan da aka saka yumbu na iya zama mafi girma fiye da na siminti carbide. Yana iya yin babban yanke yanke ko gane "maye gurbin niƙa tare da juyawa da niƙa". Ingantacciyar hanyar yankewa shine sau 3-10 sama da na kayan aikin yankan gargajiya, cimma tasirin ceton sa'o'in mutum, wutar lantarki, da adadin kayan aikin injin da 30-70% ko fiye.
CBN:
Wannan shine abu na biyu mafi girma na taurin da aka sani a halin yanzu. Tauri na CBN composite sheet ne kullum HV3000 ~ 5000, wanda yana da high thermal kwanciyar hankali da kuma high zafin jiki taurin, kuma yana da high oxidation juriya. Oxidation yana faruwa, kuma babu wani maganin sinadari da ke faruwa tare da kayan tushen ƙarfe a 1200-1300 ° C. Yana da kyawawan halayen thermal da ƙarancin ƙarancin gogayya.
Polycrystalline lu'u-lu'u PCD:
Wukake na lu'u-lu'u suna da halaye na tsayin daka, ƙarfin matsawa mai ƙarfi, kyakkyawan yanayin zafi da juriya, kuma suna iya samun daidaiton aiki mai girma da ingantaccen aiki a cikin yanke saurin sauri. Tun da tsarin PCD jikin lu'u-lu'u ne mai laushi mai laushi mai laushi tare da daidaitawa daban-daban, taurinsa da juriyarsa har yanzu sun yi ƙasa da na lu'u-lu'u na lu'u-lu'u ɗaya duk da ƙari na abin ɗaure. Dangantakar da ke tsakanin karafan da ba na ƙarfe ba da kayan da ba na ƙarfe ba ƙanƙanta ne, kuma kwakwalwan kwamfuta ba su da sauƙin manne wa ƙarshen kayan aiki don samar da haɓakar haɓaka yayin sarrafawa.
Daban-daban na aikace-aikacen kayan:
Ƙarfe mai sauri: galibi ana amfani dashi a lokatai masu buƙatar ƙarfi mai ƙarfi kamar ƙirƙirar kayan aiki da sifofi masu rikitarwa;
Carbide mai siminti: mafi girman kewayon aikace-aikacen, m iya;
Ceramics: An fi amfani da shi a cikin injina mai ƙazanta da injina mai sauri na jujjuya sassa masu wuya da sassa na ƙarfe;
CBN: An fi amfani da shi a cikin jujjuyawar sassa masu wuya da injina mai sauri na sassa na simintin gyare-gyare na simintin gyare-gyaren ƙarfe (gaba ɗaya magana, yana da inganci fiye da yumbu dangane da juriya, tasiri mai ƙarfi da juriya);
PCD: An fi amfani da shi don babban ingancin yankan karafa da ba na ƙarfe ba da kayan da ba na ƙarfe ba.
Kayan aikin Xinfa CNC yana da inganci mai kyau da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, don cikakkun bayanai, da fatan za a duba: https://www.xinfatools.com/cnc-tools/
Lokacin aikawa: Juni-02-2023
