Duk da yake kashi ɗaya ne kawai na tsarin da ya fi girma, tuntuɓar tuntuɓar a cikin bindigu na robotic da na atomatik na iskar gas na walda (GMAW) suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen samar da ingancin walda mai sauti. Hakanan yana iya ƙididdige ƙima cikin ƙima da ribar aikin walda ɗin ku - raguwar lokacin canji mai yawa na iya zama da lahani ga kayan aiki da tsadar aiki da kaya.
Babban aikin tukwici na tuntuɓar shine jagorar wayar walda da canja wurin walƙiyar halin yanzu zuwa wayar yayin da take wucewa ta cikin rami. Manufar ita ce a sami ciyarwar waya ta hanyar tuntuɓar a hankali, tare da kiyaye iyakar lamba. Don samun sakamako mafi kyau, yana da mahimmanci a yi amfani da madaidaicin girman matakin lamba -ko diamita na ciki (ID) - don aikace-aikacen. Wayar walda da tsarin walda duk suna tasiri akan zaɓi (Figure 1).
Tasirin Waya ta Welding akan Girman Tukwici
Halayen walda guda uku suna shafar zaɓin tuntuɓar lamba don takamaiman aikace-aikacen:
▪ Nau'in waya
▪ Simintin waya
▪ ingancin waya
Nau'i -Masu sana'ar tuntuɓar tuntuɓa yawanci suna ba da shawarar daidaitattun matakan lamba (tsoho) don wayoyi masu dacewa, kamar tip xxx-xx-45 don waya mai girman inci 0.045. A wasu lokuta, duk da haka, yana iya zama da kyau ko dai a rage girman ko fiye da girman titin lamba zuwa diamita na waya.
Daidaitaccen haƙuri na wayoyi na walda sun bambanta bisa ga nau'in. Misali, American Welding Society (AWS) lambar 5.18 tana ba da damar ± 0.001-in. haƙuri don 0.045-in. m wayoyi, da ± 0.002-in. haƙuri don 0.045-in. tubular wayoyi. Tubular da wayoyi na aluminium, waɗanda suke da taushi, suna yin mafi kyau tare da daidaitattun hanyoyin tuntuɓar lamba ko girman girman da ke ba su damar ciyarwa ta hanyar mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin ciyarwa kuma ba tare da ƙullawa ko kinking a cikin feeder ko walda ba.
Wayoyi masu ƙarfi, akasin haka, sun fi tsauri sosai, wanda ke nufin ƙarancin matsalolin ciyarwa, yana ba su damar haɗa su tare da ƙananan shawarwarin tuntuɓar.
Wasa-Dalilin da ya wuce-da rage girman tip ɗin tuntuɓar ya shafi ba kawai nau'in waya ba, har ma da simintin sa da helix. Simintin gyare-gyaren yana nufin diamita na madauki na waya lokacin da aka ba da tsayin waya daga cikin kunshin kuma an sanya shi a kan shimfidar wuri-da gaske, lanƙwan waya. Madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin simintin gyare-gyare shine 40 zuwa 45 in.; idan simintin waya ya yi ƙasa da wannan, kar a yi amfani da ƙarancin lamba.
Heliks yana nufin nawa wayar ke tashi daga wannan fili mai faɗi, kuma bai kamata ya wuce inci 1 ba a kowane wuri.
AWS yana fitar da buƙatun don simintin waya da helix azaman sarrafa inganci don tabbatar da cewa akwai wadataccen ciyarwar waya ta hanyar da ta dace da kyakkyawan aikin walda.
Madaidaicin hanya don samun babban adadin simintin waya shine girman fakitin. Waya cike da tarin fakiti, kamar ganga ko reel, na iya kula da simintin simintin gyare-gyare mafi girma ko madaidaiciya fiye da waya da aka cika a cikin spool ko coil.
"Waya madaidaiciya" wuri ne na siyarwa na yau da kullun don manyan wayoyi, tunda yana da sauƙin ciyar da waya madaidaiciya fiye da lanƙwasa waya. Wasu masana'antun kuma suna karkatar da wayar a lokacin da suke tattarawa a cikin ganga, wanda ke haifar da wayar ta haifar da sine wave maimakon madauki lokacin da aka fitar da ita daga cikin kunshin. Waɗannan wayoyi suna da babban simintin simintin gyare-gyare (inci 100 ko fiye) kuma ana iya haɗa su tare da ƙananan shawarwarin tuntuɓar sadarwa.
Wayar da ake ciyar da ita daga ƙarami spool, duk da haka, tana ƙoƙarin samun ƙarin simintin simintin gyare-gyare-kimanin 30-in. ko ƙarami diamita-kuma yawanci yana buƙatar daidaitaccen daidaitaccen ko girman girman lamba don samar da halayen ciyarwa da suka dace.
Hoto 1
Don samun sakamako mai kyau na walda, yana da mahimmanci a sami madaidaicin girman tukwici don aikace-aikacen. Wayar walda da tsarin walda duk suna tasiri akan zaɓi.
inganci -Hakanan ingancin waya yana rinjayar zaɓin tuntuɓar lamba. Haɓakawa a cikin kula da inganci sun sanya diamita na waje (OD) na wayoyi na walda mafi daidai fiye da shekarun da suka gabata, don haka suna ciyar da su cikin sauƙi. Ƙaƙƙarfan waya mai inganci, alal misali, yana ba da daidaiton diamita da simintin gyare-gyare, da kuma suturar jan karfe iri ɗaya a saman; Ana iya amfani da wannan waya tare da lambar tuntuɓar wanda ke da ƙaramin ID, saboda akwai ƙarancin damuwa game da buckling ɗin waya ko kinking. Waya tubular mai inganci tana ba da fa'idodi iri ɗaya, tare da santsi, amintattun riguna waɗanda ke hana wayar buɗewa yayin ciyarwa.
Waya mara inganci wacce ba a ƙera ta zuwa tsattsauran ma'auni na iya zama mai sauƙi ga ƙarancin ciyarwar waya da baka mara kyau. Ba a ba da shawarar shawarwarin tuntuɓar marasa girma don amfani da wayoyi masu faɗin OD ba.
Don yin taka tsantsan, duk lokacin da kuka canza zuwa nau'in nau'in nau'in waya daban-daban ko alamar waya, yana da mahimmanci don sake tantance girman lambar tuntuɓar don tabbatar da samun sakamakon da ake so.
Tasirin Tsarin walda
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan canje-canje a masana'antun ƙirƙira da masana'antu sun haifar da canje-canje a cikin tsarin walda, da kuma girman lambar tuntuɓar da za a yi amfani da su. Misali, a cikin masana'antar kera motoci inda OEMs ke amfani da kayan sirara (kuma mafi ƙarfi) don taimakawa rage nauyin abin hawa da haɓaka ingantaccen mai, masana'antun galibi suna amfani da tushen wutar lantarki tare da ci-gaban igiyoyin igiyar ruwa, kamar juzu'i ko gyaggyara gajeriyar kewayawa. Wadannan ci-gaban igiyoyin igiyar ruwa suna taimakawa rage spatter da haɓaka saurin walda. Irin wannan nau'in walda, yawanci ana aiki da shi a aikace-aikacen walda na mutum-mutumi, ba shi da juriya ga sabawa a cikin tsari kuma yana buƙatar shawarwarin tuntuɓar waɗanda za su iya daidai da dogaro da isar da tsarin igiyar ruwa zuwa wayar walda.
A cikin wani hali na bugun jini waldi tsari ta amfani da 0.045-in. m waya, kololuwar halin yanzu na iya zama mafi girma 550 amps, da kuma halin yanzu ramping gudun iya zama fiye da 1 ′106 amp/sec. A sakamakon haka, hanyar sadarwa tip-to-wire interface yana aiki azaman mai canzawa a mitar bugun jini, wanda shine 150 zuwa 200 Hz.
Rayuwar tuntuɓar tuntuɓar ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa yawanci kaɗan ne na abin da ke cikin GMAW, ko walƙiya na dindindin (CV). Ana ba da shawarar zaɓin tuntuɓar lamba tare da ID ɗin ƙarami kaɗan don wayar da ake amfani da ita don tabbatar da juriyar ƙirar tip/waya ta yi ƙasa sosai wanda tsautsayi mai tsauri baya faruwa. Misali, 0.045-in.-diamita m waya zai dace da kyau tare da tuntuɓar lamba tare da ID na 0.049 zuwa 0.050 in.
Aikace-aikacen walda na hannu ko ta atomatik na buƙatar la'akari daban-daban idan ya zo ga zaɓin madaidaicin girman matakin lamba. Bindigar walda ta Semi-atomatik yawanci sun fi tsayi da yawa kuma suna da sarƙaƙƙiya juzu'i fiye da bindigogin robotic. Sau da yawa akwai kuma babban lanƙwasa a cikin wuyansa, wanda ke ba mai aikin walda damar samun damar haɗin gwiwa cikin kwanciyar hankali. Wuyan da ke da babban kusurwar lanƙwasa yana haifar da ƙarar simintin gyare-gyare akan wayar yayin da ake ciyar da ita. Don haka, yana da kyau a zaɓi tuntuɓar tuntuɓar mai lamba mai ƙaramar ID don ba da damar ciyar da waya mai santsi. Wannan shine ainihin rarrabuwa na al'ada na masu girma dabam na lamba. Yawancin masu kera bindigar walda suna saita girman matakin tuntuɓar su bisa ga aikace-aikacen Semiatomatik. Misali, 0.045-in. diamita m waya zai dace da tuntuɓar lamba tare da ID na 0.052 zuwa 0.055 in.
Sakamakon Girman Tukwici mara daidai
Girman titin tuntuɓar mara daidai, ko babba ko ƙanƙanta don nau'in, simintin, da ingancin wayar da ake amfani da shi, na iya haifar da rashin daidaituwar ciyarwar waya ko rashin aikin baka. Musamman ma, tuntuɓar tuntuɓar ID waɗanda suka yi ƙanƙanta na iya haifar da waya ta ɓata a cikin ramin, yana haifar da ƙonawa (Hoto 2). Yana kuma iya haifar da birdnesting, wanda yake shi ne tangle na waya a cikin na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa na waya feeder.
Hoto 2
Burnback (waya cushe) yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi yawan yanayin gazawar hanyoyin tuntuɓar sadarwa. Diamita na ciki (ID) yana tasiri sosai.
Akasin haka, tuntuɓar lambar ID wanda ya fi girma don diamita na waya zai iya ba da damar wayar ta yi yawo yayin da take ci. Wannan yawo yana haifar da rashin kwanciyar hankali na baka, mai nauyi mai nauyi, rashin cika fuska, da rashin daidaituwa na walda a cikin haɗin gwiwa. Waɗannan abubuwan da suka faru suna da mahimmanci musamman a cikin walƙiya mai ƙarfi; Maɓallin maɓalli (Hoto na 3) (ƙididdigar sawa) na babban titin tuntuɓar lamba zai iya ninka na madaidaicin tip ɗin lamba.
Sauran la'akari
Yana da mahimmanci don cikakken fahimtar tsarin walda kafin zaɓar girman tip ɗin lamba don aikin. Ka tuna cewa aiki na uku na tip lamba shine yin aiki azaman fiusi na tsarin walda. Duk wata matsala a cikin powertrain na madauki na walda ana nunawa (kuma yakamata a nuna) azaman gazawar tuntuɓar tuntuɓar ta farko. Idan tuntuɓar tuntuɓar ta gaza dabam ko da wuri a cikin tantanin halitta guda ɗaya idan aka kwatanta da sauran shuka, wataƙila wannan tantanin halitta yana buƙatar daidaitawa.
Hakanan yana da kyau a tantance juriyar aikinku ga haɗarin; wato nawa ake kashewa lokacin da lambar sadarwar ta kasa. A cikin aikace-aikacen semiatomatik, alal misali, mai yuwuwa ma'aikacin walda zai iya gano kowace matsala da sauri kuma ya maye gurbin titin tuntuɓar da ta gaza ta fuskar tattalin arziki. Koyaya, farashin gazawar tuntuɓar ba zato ba tsammani a cikin aikin walda na mutum-mutumi ya fi na walda da hannu. A wannan yanayin, kuna buƙatar shawarwarin tuntuɓar waɗanda ke aiki da dogaro ta tsawon lokacin tsakanin canje-canjen shawarwarin tuntuɓar, misali, sauyi ɗaya. Yawancin lokaci gaskiya ne cewa a yawancin ayyukan walda na mutum-mutumi, daidaiton ingancin da aka bayar ta hanyar tuntuɓar sadarwa yana da mahimmanci fiye da tsawon lokacin da zai ɗauka.
Ka tuna cewa waɗannan ƙa'idodi ne na gaba ɗaya kawai don zaɓar girman titin lamba. Don ƙayyade girman daidai, yana da mahimmanci don bincika shawarwarin tuntuɓar da suka gaza a cikin shuka. Idan yawancin hanyoyin tuntuɓar sadarwar da suka gaza sun makale a ciki, ID ɗin tuntuɓar ya yi ƙanƙanta sosai.
Idan yawancin shawarwarin tuntuɓar tuntuɓar ba su da wayoyi, amma an lura da ƙaƙƙarfan baka da ƙarancin walda, yana iya zama da fa'ida don zaɓar shawarwarin tuntuɓar marasa girman.
Hoto 3
Rijiyar maɓalli da yawa kuma shine ɗayan mafi yawan yanayin gazawar hanyoyin tuntuɓar sadarwa. Hakanan diamita na ciki (ID) yana tasiri sosai.
Lokacin aikawa: Janairu-02-2023
