A cikin kera tasoshin matsin lamba, lokacin da ake amfani da walda na arc da ke nutsewa don walda walda mai tsayin silinda, tsagewa (daga nan ake kira tasha) yakan faru a ko kusa da ƙarshen weld ɗin a tsaye.
Mutane da yawa sun gudanar da bincike a kan wannan, kuma sun yi imani da cewa babban dalilin m fasa shi ne cewa a lokacin da waldi baka ne kusa da m na a tsaye weld, da weld fadada da deforms a cikin axial shugabanci, kuma yana tare da transverse tashin hankali a cikin. a tsaye da axial shugabanci. nakasar budewa;
Har ila yau, jikin Silinda yana da aikin sanyi yana ƙarfafa danniya da damuwa na taro a cikin aikin mirgina, masana'antu da taro; a lokacin aikin walda, saboda ƙuntatawa na tashar tashar tashar tashar tashar jiragen ruwa da kuma farantin yajin arc, ana haifar da babban shimfiɗa a ƙarshen walƙiya;
Lokacin da baka ya matsa zuwa madaidaicin walƙiya da farantin bugun baka, saboda haɓakar thermal da nakasar wannan ɓangaren, damuwa mai jujjuyawa na tashar walda yana raguwa, kuma ƙarfin ɗaurin yana raguwa, don haka karfen walda kawai. ƙarfafawa a tashar walda Ƙaƙƙarfan tasha tana samuwa ta hanyar babban damuwa mai ƙarfi.
Dangane da nazarin dalilan da ke sama, ana ba da shawarar matakan da za a bi don magance su:
Na daya shine a kara fadin farantin yajin baka don kara karfin daurinsa;
Na biyu shine a yi amfani da farantin yajin da aka saka na roba.
Duk da haka, bayan ɗaukar matakan da aka ɗauka na sama a aikace, ba a magance matsalar yadda ya kamata ba:
Misali, ko da yake ana amfani da farantin karfen yajin na roba, har yanzu fashewar tsagewar walda mai tsayi za ta faru, kuma tashe-tashen hankula yakan faru lokacin walda silinda tare da ƙaramin kauri, ƙarancin ƙarfi da haɗuwar tilastawa;
Koyaya, lokacin da akwai farantin gwaji na samfur a cikin tsattsauran ɓangaren madaidaicin weld na Silinda, kodayake waldar tack da sauran yanayi iri ɗaya ne da lokacin da babu farantin gwajin samfur, akwai ƴan tsagewar tasha a cikin kabu mai tsayi.
Bayan gwaje-gwaje da bincike akai-akai, an gano cewa faruwar fasa a ƙarshen kabu mai tsayi ba wai kawai yana da alaƙa da babban damuwa mai ƙarfi a ƙarshen walda ba, har ma yana da alaƙa da wasu dalilai masu mahimmanci.
Na farko. Binciken abubuwan da ke haifar da fashewar tasha
1. Canje-canje a cikin filin zafin jiki a tashar tashar tashar
A lokacin waldawar baka, lokacin da tushen zafin walda ya kusa kusa da ƙarshen walda mai tsayi, filin zafin jiki na yau da kullun a ƙarshen walda zai canza, kuma kusancinsa zuwa ƙarshen, mafi girman canjin.
Saboda girman farantin buga yajin ya fi na Silinda ƙarami, ƙarfin zafinsa kuma ya fi ƙanƙanta sosai, kuma alaƙar da ke tsakanin farantin yajin da silinda ta hanyar walda ce kawai, don haka ana iya ɗaukarsa a matsayin mafi ƙarancin dainawa. .
Sabili da haka, yanayin canja wurin zafi na walda ta tashar ba shi da kyau sosai, yana haifar da yanayin zafi na gida, yanayin tafki na narke yana canzawa, kuma zurfin shigar zai ƙara daidai. Gudun ƙarfafawar narkakken tafkin yana raguwa, musamman lokacin da girman farantin yajin ya yi ƙanƙanta sosai, da walƙiya tsakanin farantin yajin baka da silinda ya yi guntu kuma ya yi kauri sosai.
2. Tasirin shigar da zafin walda
Tun da shigar da zafin walda da ake amfani da shi a cikin waldawar arc mai nutsewa sau da yawa ya fi girma fiye da sauran hanyoyin walda, zurfin shigar ciki yana da girma, adadin ƙarfen da aka ajiye yana da girma, kuma an rufe shi da ɗigon ruwa, don haka narkakken tafkin yana da girma kuma saurin ƙarfafawa na narkakken tafkin yana da girma. Adadin sanyaya na kabu na walda da kabu na walda sun fi sauran hanyoyin walda hankali, wanda ke haifar da ƙwaya mai ƙarfi da rarrabuwar kawuna, wanda ke haifar da yanayi mai matuƙar kyau ga ƙarni na fashewar zafi.
Bugu da ƙari, raguwa na gefe na walda ya fi ƙanƙanta fiye da buɗewa na ratar, don haka karfin juzu'i na gefen tashar ya fi girma fiye da sauran hanyoyin walda. Wannan gaskiya ne musamman ga faranti masu kauri masu kauri da faranti marasa kauri.
3. Wasu yanayi
Idan akwai taro tilas, ingancin taron bai dace da buƙatun ba, abubuwan da ke cikin ƙazanta irin su S da P a cikin ƙarfe mai tushe ya yi yawa kuma rarrabuwa kuma zai haifar da fashe.
Na biyu, yanayin fashewar tasha
Tsage-tsage na ƙarshe na cikin tsagewar zafi ne gwargwadon yanayinsu, kuma ana iya raba tsagewar zafi zuwa tsagewar crystallization da fashe-fashe mai ƙarfi gwargwadon matakin samuwarsu. Duk da cewa bangaren da ake samun tsagewar tasha ne wani lokaci tasha, wani lokacin kuma yakan kasance tsakanin 150mm daga wurin da ke kusa da tashar, wani lokacin kuma ya zama fashe, wani lokacin kuma tsagewar ciki ne, kuma mafi yawan lokuta akwai tsagewar ciki wanda hakan ke haifarwa. faruwa a kusa da tasha.
Ana iya ganin cewa yanayin faɗuwar tasha na asali ne na ƙanƙara mai ƙarfi, wato lokacin da tashar walda ke cikin yanayi mai ruwa, kodayake narkakkar tafkin da ke kusa da tashar ya yi ƙarfi, amma har yanzu yana kan wani yanayi. high zafin jiki dan kadan kasa da solidus line Zero-ƙarfi jihar, fasa da aka haifar a karkashin mataki na hadaddun walda danniya (yafi tensile danniya) a m,
Layer Layer na weld kusa da saman yana da sauƙi don watsar da zafi, zafin jiki yana da ƙananan ƙananan, kuma ya riga ya kasance yana da wani ƙarfi da kuma kyakkyawan filastik, don haka tsagewar ƙarshen yakan kasance a cikin walda kuma ba za a iya samun shi da ido tsirara ba.
Na uku. Matakan hana fashewar tasha
Daga binciken da muka yi a sama kan musabbabin tsagewar tasha, za a iya ganin cewa, matakan da suka fi dacewa don shawo kan tsagewar tasha na arc walda a tsaye su ne:
1. Daidaita girman girman farantin yajin baka
Sau da yawa mutane ba su da masaniya sosai game da mahimmancin farantin yajin baka, suna tunanin cewa aikin farantin yajin aikin shine kawai ya jagoranci ramin baka daga cikin walda idan an rufe baka. Domin a ceci karfe, an yi wasu ƴan wasan baka kaɗan sosai kuma su zama “masu bugun baka”. Waɗannan ayyukan ba daidai ba ne. Farantin yajin baka yana da ayyuka hudu:
(1) Jagorar sashin da ya karye lokacin da aka fara baka da ramin baka lokacin da aka tsayar da baka zuwa waje na walda.
(2) Ƙarfafa ma'aunin ƙuntatawa a ƙarshen ƙarshen kabu mai tsayi, kuma ɗaukar babban damuwa mai ƙarfi da aka haifar a ɓangaren ƙarshen.
(3) Haɓaka filin zafin jiki na ɓangaren tashar, wanda ke da amfani ga zafin zafi kuma baya sa yanayin zafin jiki ya yi yawa.
(4) Haɓaka rarraba filin maganadisu a ɓangaren ƙarshen kuma rage matakin karkatar da maganadisu.
Domin cimma wadannan dalilai guda hudu da ke sama, dole ne farantin yajin arc ya kasance yana da isasshen girma, kauri ya zama daidai da walda, kuma girman ya dogara da girman walda da kaurin farantin karfe. Don tasoshin matsa lamba na gaba ɗaya, ana ba da shawarar cewa tsayi da faɗi kada su zama ƙasa da 140mm.
2. Kula da taro da kuma tack waldi na baka yajin farantin
Waƙar walda tsakanin farantin yajin baka da silinda dole ne ya sami isasshen tsayi da kauri. Gabaɗaya magana, tsayi da kauri na tack weld bai kamata ya zama ƙasa da 80% na faɗi da kauri na farantin yajin ba, kuma ana buƙatar ci gaba da walda. Ba za a iya kawai a haɗa shi da “tabo” ba. A ɓangarorin biyu na kabu mai tsayi, yakamata a tabbatar da isasshen kauri don matsakaici da kauri, sannan a buɗe wani tsagi idan ya cancanta.
3. Kula da sakawa waldi na m part na Silinda
Lokacin waldawar tack bayan an zagaye silinda, don ƙara haɓaka matakin kamewa a ƙarshen kabu mai tsayi, tsayin walda a ƙarshen kabu mai tsayi bai kamata ya zama ƙasa da 100mm ba, kuma ya kamata a kasance. isasshen kauri daga cikin walda, kuma ya kamata babu fasa, Lalacewar kamar rashin Fusion.
4. Tsananin sarrafa shigarwar zafin walda
A lokacin aikin walda na tasoshin matsin lamba, dole ne a sarrafa shigar da zafin walda. Wannan ba wai kawai don tabbatar da kaddarorin injiniyoyi na welded gidajen abinci ba, amma kuma yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen hana fasa. Girman na'urar walda na arc da aka nutsar a halin yanzu yana da babban tasiri a kan ji na tsatsauran ra'ayi, saboda girman abin waldawan yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da filin zafin jiki da shigar da zafin walda.
5. Tsananin sarrafa siffar tafki narkakkarwa da sifar madaidaicin walƙiya
Siffai da nau'in nau'in tafkin walda a cikin waldawar baka na nutsewa suna da alaƙa da kusanci ga fashewar walda. Sabili da haka, girman, siffar da nau'in nau'in nau'in walda ya kamata a sarrafa shi sosai.
Hudu. Kammalawa
Abu ne da ya zama ruwan dare samar da tsage-tsafe na kabu mai tsayi a lokacin da ake amfani da walda na arc da ke nutsewa wajen walda kabu mai tsayi na Silinda, kuma shekaru da yawa ba a warware shi sosai. Ta hanyar gwaji da bincike, babban dalilin da ke haifar da fashe a ƙarshen ƙwanƙwasa arc ɗin walda a tsaye shine sakamakon aikin haɗin gwiwa na babban damuwa mai ƙarfi da filin zafin jiki na musamman a cikin wannan ɓangaren.
Aiki ya tabbatar da cewa matakan da suka dace da haɓaka girman farantin yajin baka, ƙarfafa ingancin sarrafa walda, da kuma kula da shigar da zafin walda da siffar walda na iya hana faruwar fashe a ƙarshen nutsewa. arc waldi.
Lokacin aikawa: Maris-01-2023
