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Yadda ake walda karfe mai jure zafi Tsarin walda yana nan don gaya muku

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Ƙarfe mai jure zafi yana nufin ƙarfe wanda ke da kwanciyar hankali na thermal da ƙarfin zafi a ƙarƙashin yanayin zafi mai girma. Ƙarfafawar thermal yana nufin ƙarfin ƙarfe don kula da kwanciyar hankali na sinadarai (juriya na lalata, rashin iskar oxygen) a ƙarƙashin yanayin zafi mai girma. Ƙarfin zafi yana nufin isasshen ƙarfin ƙarfe a ƙarƙashin yanayin zafi mai girma. Ana tabbatar da juriya na zafi da abubuwan gami kamar chromium, molybdenum, vanadium, titanium, da niobium. Saboda haka, zaɓin kayan walda ya kamata a ƙayyade bisa ga abun ciki na abun ciki na ƙarfe na tushe. Karfe mai jure zafi ana amfani da shi sosai wajen kera man fetur da na'urorin masana'antar mai. Yawancin ƙarfe mai jure zafi na pearlitic da muke haɗuwa da su yana da ƙananan abun ciki na gami, kamar 15CrMo, 1Cr5Mo, da sauransu.

1 Weldability na chromium-molybdenum zafi-resistant karfe

Chromium da molybdenum sune manyan abubuwan gami na ƙarfe mai jure zafi na pearlitic, wanda ke haɓaka ƙarfin zafin jiki mai ƙarfi da juriyawar iskar oxygen mai zafi na ƙarfe. Koyaya, suna lalata aikin walda na ƙarfe kuma suna da halin kashewa a yankin walda da zafi. Bayan sanyaya a cikin iska, yana da sauƙi don samar da tsarin martensite mai wuyar gaske, wanda ba wai kawai yana rinjayar kayan aikin injiniya na haɗin gwiwar welded ba, amma kuma yana haifar da babban damuwa na ciki, yana haifar da yanayin sanyi.

Don haka, babbar matsalar walda karfe mai jure zafi ita ce tsagewa, kuma abubuwa uku da ke haifar da tsagewar su ne: tsari, damuwa da sinadarin hydrogen a cikin walda. Saboda haka, yana da mahimmanci musamman don haɓaka tsarin walda mai ma'ana.

2 Tsarin walda karfe mai jure zafi na Pearlitic

2.1 Bevel

Yawancin lokaci ana sarrafa bevel ta hanyar harshen wuta ko tsarin yankan plasma. Idan ya cancanta, yanke ya kamata a preheated. Bayan goge-goge, ya kamata a gudanar da binciken PT don cire fasa a kan bevel. Yawancin lokaci ana amfani da tsagi mai siffar V, tare da kusurwar 60 °. Daga hangen nesa na hana fasa, babban kusurwar tsagi yana da fa'ida, amma yana ƙara yawan walda. A lokaci guda, tsagi da bangarorin biyu na ciki suna goge don cire mai da tsatsa. da danshi da sauran gurɓatattun abubuwa (cire hydrogen da hana pores).

2.2 Haɗawa

Ana buƙatar cewa ba za a iya tilasta taron don hana damuwa na ciki ba. Tunda karfen chromium-molybdenum mai jure zafi yana da mafi girman hali don fashewa, bai kamata hana walda ya yi girma da yawa yayin walda don gujewa taurin kai, musamman lokacin walda faranti mai kauri. Amfani da sandunan kunnen doki, ƙugiya da ƙugiya waɗanda ke ba da damar walda don raguwa da yardar rai ya kamata a nisanta su gwargwadon yiwuwa.

2.3 Zaɓin hanyoyin walda

A halin yanzu, hanyoyin walda da aka saba amfani da su don waldar bututun mai a cikin rukunin mu na man fetur da kuma rukunin shigar da kayan aikin mai sune tungsten arc welding don tushen tushe da walƙiya arc na lantarki don murfin cikawa. Sauran hanyoyin walda sun haɗa da narkakkar iskar gas mai kariya waldi (MIG waldi), CO2 gas ɗin walƙiya, waldawar Electroslag da walƙiya ta atomatik ta atomatik, da dai sauransu.

2.4 Zaɓin kayan walda

Ka'idar zabar kayan walda ita ce cewa abun da ke ciki na gami da kaddarorin ƙarfi na ƙarfen weld yakamata su kasance daidai da madaidaicin ma'auni na ƙarfen tushe ko kuma ya dace da mafi ƙarancin alamun aikin da yanayin fasaha na samfur ya gabatar. Don rage abun ciki na hydrogen, yakamata a fara amfani da sandar walda mara ƙarancin hydrogen. Ya kamata a bushe sandar walda ko jujjuya bisa ga tsarin da aka tsara sannan a fitar da ita yadda ake bukata. Ya kamata a sanya shi a cikin guga mai rufe sandar walda kuma a tafi da shi idan an buƙata. Kada a sami fiye da 4 a cikin guga mai rufin sandar walda. sa'o'i, in ba haka ba sai a sake bushewa, kuma adadin lokutan bushewa kada ya wuce sau uku. Akwai cikakkun ƙa'idodi a cikin ƙayyadaddun tsarin gini. Lokacin walda hannun baka na chromium-molybdenum zafi mai jurewa karfe, austenitic bakin karfe na lantarki, kamar A307, kuma ana iya amfani dashi, amma ana buƙatar preheating kafin waldawa. Wannan hanya ta dace da yanayin da ba za a iya jin zafin walda ba bayan waldawa.

2.5 Preheating

Preheating shine ma'aunin tsari mai mahimmanci don walda fashe sanyi da damuwa na ƙarfe mai jure zafi na pearlitic. Domin tabbatar da ingancin walda, ko dai tabo ne ko kuma lokacin aikin walda, ya kamata a yi preheated kuma a kiyaye shi a cikin takamaiman yanayin zafi.

2.6 Sannu a hankali bayan walda

Sanyi sannu a hankali bayan walda wata ka'ida ce wacce dole ne a bi ta sosai lokacin walda chromium-molybdenum karfe mai jure zafi. Dole ne a yi wannan ko da lokacin zafi mai zafi. Gabaɗaya, ana amfani da rigar asbestos don rufe walda da kuma kusa da wurin kabu nan da nan bayan walda. Za'a iya sanya ƙananan welding Cool a hankali a cikin rigar asbestos.

2.7 Maganin zafi bayan walda

Ya kamata a gudanar da maganin zafi nan da nan bayan waldawa, dalilin da ya sa shi ne don hana abin da ya faru na jinkirta raguwa, kawar da damuwa da inganta tsarin.

Kayan aikin walda na Xinfa yana da halaye masu inganci da ƙarancin farashi. Don cikakkun bayanai, da fatan za a ziyarci:Welding & Yanke masana'antun - China Welding & Yankan masana'anta & Suppliers (xinfatools.com)

3 Kariya ga walda

(1) Lokacin walda irin wannan ƙarfe, dole ne a ɗauki matakan kamar preheating da jinkirin sanyaya bayan walda. Duk da haka, mafi girma da zafin jiki na preheating, mafi kyau. Dole ne a bi ka'idodin tsarin walda sosai.

(2) Ya kamata a yi amfani da walda mai yawa don faranti mai kauri, kuma zafin tsaka-tsakin bai kamata ya zama ƙasa da zafin zafin jiki ba. Ya kamata a kammala walda a tafi ɗaya, kuma yana da kyau kada a katse shi. Idan akwai buƙatar dakatarwa tsakanin yadudduka, ya kamata a ɗauki matakan zafin jiki da matakan sanyaya jinkirin, kuma yakamata a ɗauki matakan zafin jiki iri ɗaya kafin waldawa kuma.

(3) A lokacin aikin walda, ya kamata a mai da hankali ga cika ramukan baka, goge gabobin jiki, da cire tsagewar ramuka (fashe mai zafi). Bugu da ƙari, mafi girma na halin yanzu, zurfin zurfin ramin baka. Sabili da haka, umarnin tsarin walda ya kamata a bi shi sosai don zaɓar sigogin walda da makamashin layin walda mai dacewa.

(4) Ƙungiyar gine-gine kuma wani muhimmin al'amari ne da ke shafar ingancin walda, kuma haɗin gwiwar nau'o'in ayyuka daban-daban yana da mahimmanci musamman don kauce wa ɓata ingancin dukkan walda saboda rashin haɗuwa da tsari na gaba.

(5) Ya kamata kuma a mai da hankali ga tasirin yanayin yanayi. Lokacin da yanayin zafi ya yi ƙasa, ana iya ƙara zafin zafin jiki yadda ya kamata don hana zafin faduwa da sauri, kuma ana iya ɗaukar matakan gaggawa kamar kariya ta iska da ruwan sama.

4 Takaitawa

Preheating, zafi adanawa, post-weld zafi magani da sauran matakai ne zama dole matakan matakai don walda chromium-molybdenum zafi-resistant karfe. Su ukun suna da mahimmanci daidai kuma ba za a iya watsi da su ba. Idan an bar wata hanyar haɗin gwiwa, sakamakon zai kasance mai tsanani. Welders dole ne tsananin aiwatar da walda hanyoyin da kuma karfafa jagorancin walda' azancin alhaki. Kada mu yi amfani da dama kuma mu jagoranci masu walda don aiwatar da tsarin da mahimmanci da larura. Muddin muna aiwatar da tsarin walda da gaske yayin aikin gini, muna ba da haɗin kai sosai tare da nau'ikan ayyuka daban-daban, da tsara tsarin yadda ya kamata, za mu iya tabbatar da ingancin walda da buƙatun fasaha.


Lokacin aikawa: Nov-01-2023