Ta yaya ake yin ɗimbin raɗaɗi? Wadanne matsaloli za a fuskanta wajen sarrafa hakowa? Game da kayan aikin rawar soja da kaddarorin sa? Menene kuke yi lokacin da ɗan wasan ku ya gaza?
A matsayin kayan aiki na yau da kullun a cikin injin ramuka, ana amfani da ramuka sosai a masana'antar injina, musamman don injin ramuka a sassa kamar na'urorin sanyaya, zanen bututu na kayan aikin samar da wutar lantarki, da injin injin tururi. Aikace-aikacen yana da girma musamman kuma yana da mahimmanci. A yau, Farfesa na Injiniyan Injiniyan Injiniya ya samo wannan tarin tarin tulin ga kowa akan dandalin WeChat. Duk abin da kuke buƙata yana nan!
Abubuwan Hakowa
Drills yawanci suna da manyan gefuna guda biyu. A lokacin aikin injin, rawar jiki yana yanke yayin juyawa. Matsakaicin rake na rawar rawar soja yana ƙaruwa daga tsakiyar axis zuwa gefen waje. Gudun yankan rawar rawar yana ƙaruwa yayin da yake matsowa kusa da da'irar waje, kuma saurin yanke yana raguwa zuwa tsakiyar. Gudun yankan cibiyar jujjuyawa ta rawar sojan ba shi da sifili. Ƙaƙwalwar ƙuƙwalwar ƙuƙwalwar ƙuƙwalwar ƙuƙwalwa tana kusa da axis na cibiyar jujjuya, gefen ƙwanƙwasa yana da babban kusurwar rake na taimako, babu sarari guntu, kuma saurin yankan yana da ƙananan, wanda zai haifar da babban juriya na axial. Idan gefen chisel ya kasance ƙasa don rubuta A ko rubuta C a cikin DIN1414, kuma yankan gefen kusa da tsakiyar tsakiya yana da kusurwar rake mai kyau, za'a iya rage juriya na yanke kuma za'a iya inganta aikin yankewa sosai.
A cewar daban-daban workpiece siffofi, kayan, Tsarin, ayyuka, da dai sauransu, drills za a iya raba iri da yawa, irin su high-gudun karfe drills (karkade drills, kungiyar drills, lebur drills), m carbide drills, indexable m rami drills. rami mai zurfi, da dai sauransu. Drills, trepanning drills da maye gurbin kai drills, da dai sauransu.
1. Tsari / sarrafawa
1.1 Tsari
❶ Dangane da diamita da tsayin tsayin da aka tsara, zaku iya zaɓar na'ura mai yankan gami ko amfani da kayan yankan waya don sarrafa tsayin tsayi.
❷ Don ƙayyadadden sandar yanke mai tsayi, iyakar biyu na mashaya suna da ƙarewa, wanda za'a iya gane shi akan injin niƙa na kayan aiki.
❸ Chamfering ko hako ƙarshen fuska na alloy bar da aka kasa, a cikin shirye-shiryen na nika waje diamita da kuma shank na rawar soja bit, dangane da ko cylindrical nika na'ura na namiji tip ko mace tip.
❹ A kan babban madaidaicin cylindrical niƙa inji, da diamita na waje na rawar soja, da m part da m diamita na shank ana sarrafa don tabbatar da zane da bukatun kamar m diamita cylindricity, madauwari runout, da kuma surface gama.
❺ Domin inganta aiki yadda ya dace a kan CNC nika inji, kafin alloy bar a saka a kan CNC nika na'ura, da rawar soja tip part za a iya chamfered, misali, rawar soja tip kwana ne 140 °, da chamfer iya zama. a cikin yanayin zafi zuwa 142 °.
❻ Bayan an tsaftace ma'aunin chamfered, sai a tura shi zuwa injin niƙa na CNC, kuma kowane ɓangaren na'urar ana sarrafa shi akan injin CNC mai axis biyar.
❼ Idan ya zama dole don inganta sarewa na rawar rawar soja da kuma santsin da'irar waje, za a iya niƙa shi kuma a goge shi da ƙafafun ulu da abrasives kafin ko bayan mataki na biyar. Tabbas, a cikin wannan yanayin, ana buƙatar sarrafa bit ɗin a cikin ƙarin matakai.
❽ Domin ɗimbin raƙuman ruwa da aka sarrafa kuma suka cancanta, za a yi musu alama ta Laser, kuma abubuwan da ke cikin su na iya zama alamar kamfanin LOGO da girman rawar soja da sauran bayanai.
❾ Shirya raƙuman rawar sojan da aka yi alama da jigilar su zuwa ƙwararrun kamfanin shafa kayan aiki don sutura.
1. Idan aka buɗe sarewa na busa sarewa, ko karkace ko madaidaicin sarewa, wannan matakin kuma ya haɗa da ɓacin rai na gefen gefen; sa'an nan kuma aiwatar da yanke shinge na filin wasan motsa jiki, ciki har da ɓangaren baya na filin wasan motsa jiki da kuma kusurwar baya na wurin rawar soja; sannan a ci gaba da sarrafa sashin baya na gefen gefe na rawar rawar soja, kuma wani adadin digo yana ƙasa don tabbatar da cewa ana sarrafa madaidaicin diamita na gefen gefen diamita na diamita da fuskar bangon bangon aikin aikin. a wani kaso.
2. Don sarrafa madaidaicin chamfer na rami tip gefen, an raba shi zuwa aikin injin injin CNC ko sarrafa hannu, wanda ya bambanta saboda matakai daban-daban na kowane ma'aikata.
1.2 Matsalolin sarrafawa
❶ Lokacin sarrafa ɓangaren da'irar na rawar jiki akan injin niƙa cylindrical, ya zama dole a kula da ko na'urar ba ta da inganci kuma a cika sanyaya sandar gami yayin sarrafawa, da kiyaye kyawawan halaye na auna diamita na waje. tip na rawar soja.
❷ A lokacin da sarrafa drills a kan CNC nika inji, kokarin raba m da lafiya aiki zuwa matakai biyu a lokacin da shirye-shirye, don kauce wa m thermal fasa lalacewa ta hanyar da yawa nika, wanda zai shafi rayuwar sabis na kayan aiki.
❸ Yi amfani da tiren kayan da aka zayyana da kyau don sarrafa wukake don gujewa lalacewa ga ɓangarorin da suka yi karo da wuƙaƙen.
❹ Ga dabaran niƙa lu'u-lu'u wanda ya zama baƙar fata bayan an niƙa, yi amfani da dutsen mai don kaifi cikin lokaci.
Lura: Dangane da kayan sarrafawa / kayan aiki / yanayin aiki, fasahar sarrafa ba iri ɗaya ba ce. Tsarin tsari na sama yana wakiltar ra'ayin kansa na marubucin kawai kuma don sadarwar fasaha ne kawai.
2. Kayan hakowa
2.1 Karfe mai saurin gudu
Karfe mai sauri (HSS) karfe ne na kayan aiki tare da tauri mai tsayi, juriya mai tsayi da juriya mai zafi, wanda kuma aka sani da karfen kayan aiki mai sauri ko karfe na gaba, wanda akafi sani da farin karfe.
Babban abin yankan karfe shine nau'in yankan da ya fi tauri da saukin yanka fiye da yankan talakawa. Ƙarfe mai sauri yana da mafi ƙarfi, ƙarfi da juriya mai zafi fiye da kayan aikin carbon karfe, kuma saurin yankan sa ya fi ƙarfin kayan aikin carbon (ƙarfe-carbon gami). Akwai da yawa, don haka ana kiransa ƙarfe mai sauri; kuma ciminti carbide yana da mafi kyawun aiki fiye da ƙarfe mai sauri, kuma ana iya ƙara saurin yanke ta sau 2-3.
Fasaloli: Taurin ja na ƙarfe mai sauri zai iya kaiwa digiri 650. Karfe mai sauri yana da ƙarfi mai kyau da ƙarfi. Bayan kaifi, yankan gefen yana da kaifi kuma ingancin ya tabbata. Gabaɗaya ana amfani da shi don kera ƙananan wuƙaƙe masu sarƙaƙƙiya.
2.2 Carbide
Babban abubuwan da ke cikin siminti na carbide drills sune tungsten carbide da cobalt, wanda ke da kashi 99% na dukkan abubuwan da aka gyara, kuma 1% shine sauran karafa, don haka ana kiranta tungsten carbide (tungsten carbide). Tungsten carbide ya ƙunshi aƙalla ƙarfe carbide Sintered kayan haɗin gwal guda ɗaya. Tungsten carbide, cobalt carbide, niobium carbide, titanium carbide, da tantalum carbide sune abubuwan gama gari na ƙarfe tungsten. Girman hatsi na bangaren carbide (ko lokaci) yawanci yana tsakanin 0.2-10 microns, kuma ana gudanar da hatsin carbide tare ta amfani da abin ɗaure ƙarfe. Ƙarfe-ƙarfe gabaɗaya ƙarfe rukuni ne na ƙarfe, waɗanda aka saba amfani da su sune cobalt da nickel. Saboda haka, akwai tungsten-cobalt gami, tungsten-nickel gami da tungsten-titanium-cobalt gami. Yin gyare-gyaren gyare-gyaren kayan aikin ƙarfe na tungsten shine a danna foda a cikin billet, sa'an nan kuma zazzage shi zuwa wani zafin jiki (zazzabi mai zafi) a cikin tanderun da ke daɗaɗawa, ajiye shi na wani lokaci (riƙewa), sannan a kwantar da shi. don samun kayan ƙarfe tungsten tare da abubuwan da ake buƙata.
Siffofin:
Taurin ja na siminti carbide zai iya kaiwa digiri 800-1000.
Gudun yankan simintin carbide shine sau 4-7 sama da na ƙarfe mai sauri. High yankan yadda ya dace.
Rashin hasara shine ƙarancin lanƙwasawa, ƙarancin tasiri mai ƙarfi, babban ɓarna, da ƙarancin tasiri da juriya na girgiza.
3. Abubuwan aikace-aikace / matakan
3.1 Tushen lalacewa
dalili:
1. The workpiece zai matsa zuwa ƙasa a karkashin aikin na hakowa karfi na rawar soja bit, da rawar soja bit zai billa baya bayan da hakowa ta hanyar.
2. Rigidity na kayan aikin injin bai isa ba.
3. Kayan kayan aikin motsa jiki bai isa ba.
4. Girgizar ya yi tsalle da yawa.
5. Ƙaƙƙarfan matsawa bai isa ba, kuma zane-zane yana zamewa.
auna:
1. Rage saurin yankewa.
2. Ƙara yawan ciyarwa
3. Daidaita hanyar sanyaya ( sanyaya na ciki)
4. Ƙara chamfer
5. Duba kuma daidaita coaxial na rawar rawar soja.
6. Bincika ko kusurwar baya ta dace.
3.2 Rushewar ligament
dalili:
1. The workpiece zai matsa zuwa ƙasa a karkashin aikin na hakowa karfi na rawar soja bit, da rawar soja bit zai billa baya bayan da hakowa ta hanyar.
2. Rigidity na kayan aikin injin bai isa ba.
3. Kayan kayan aikin motsa jiki bai isa ba.
4. Girgizar ya yi tsalle da yawa.
5. Ƙaƙƙarfan matsawa bai isa ba, kuma zane-zane yana zamewa.
auna:
1. Zaɓi rawar soja tare da mazugi mai girma na baya.
2. Bincika kewayon runout na maƙarƙashiya (<0.02mm)
3. Haɗa rami na sama tare da rawar da aka riga aka yi.
4. Yi amfani da rawar jiki mai ƙarfi, ƙugiya mai ruwa tare da hannun wuyan wuyansa ko kayan rage zafi.
3.3 Tarin jiki
dalili:
1. Sanadin da sinadaran dauki tsakanin sabon abu da workpiece abu (ƙananan carbon karfe da high carbon abun ciki)
auna:
1. Inganta mai mai, ƙara mai ko ƙara abun ciki.
2. Ƙara saurin yankan, rage yawan ciyarwa kuma rage lokacin hulɗa.
3. Idan kun yi rawar jiki na aluminum, za ku iya amfani da rawar soja tare da goge mai laushi kuma babu sutura.
3.4 Wuka mai karye
dalili:
1. An katange shinge mai karkace na rawar rawar jiki ta hanyar yankewa, kuma yanke ba a saki a cikin lokaci ba.
2. Lokacin da aka haƙa ramin da sauri, ba a rage yawan abincin abinci ba ko kuma an canza motsi zuwa abinci na hannu.
3. A lokacin da ake hako karafa masu laushi irin su tagulla, kusurwar baya na dilolin ya yi girma sosai, kuma kusurwar gaba ba ta kasa, ta yadda na’urar za ta dunkule kai tsaye.
4. Nika gefen rawar soja yana da kaifi sosai, yana haifar da guntuwa, amma ba za a iya janye wuka da sauri ba.
auna:
1. Rage sake zagayowar maye gurbin kayan aiki.
2. Inganta shigarwa da gyare-gyare, kamar haɓaka yankin goyon baya da ƙara ƙarfin matsawa.
3. Bincika igiyar igiya da tsagi.
4. Yi amfani da madaidaitan kayan aiki masu mahimmanci, kamar masu riƙe kayan aikin hydraulic.
5. Yi amfani da abubuwa masu tauri.
Lokacin aikawa: Afrilu-18-2023
