Welding, wanda kuma aka sani da walda ko walda, wani tsari ne na masana'antu da fasaha wanda ke amfani da zafi, zafi mai zafi ko matsa lamba don haɗuwa da ƙarfe ko wasu kayan thermoplastic kamar robobi. Dangane da yanayin ƙarfe a cikin tsarin walda da halayen aikin, hanyoyin walda za a iya raba su zuwa nau'ikan walda uku: fusion waldi, walƙiyar matsa lamba da brazing.
Fusion walda - dumama kayan aikin da za a haɗa su don sanya su wani yanki narke don samar da narkakken tafki, kuma narkakkar tafkin yana sanyaya kuma yana da ƙarfi kafin haɗawa. Idan ya cancanta, za'a iya ƙara filaye don taimakawa
1. Laser walda
Waldawar Laser tana amfani da katakon Laser da aka mayar da hankali a matsayin tushen makamashi don bombard da workpiece da zafi don walda. Yana iya walda nau'ikan ƙarfe daban-daban da kayan da ba na ƙarfe ba kamar carbon karfe, karfe silicon, aluminum da titanium da gami da su, tungsten, molybdenum da sauran karafa masu jujjuyawa da karafa iri iri, da yumbu, gilashi da robobi. A halin yanzu, an fi amfani da shi a cikin kayan aikin lantarki, sufurin jiragen sama, sararin samaniya, makamashin nukiliya da sauran fannoni. walda Laser yana da halaye masu zuwa:
(1) Ƙarfin makamashi na katako na Laser yana da girma, tsarin dumama yana da gajeren gajere, kayan aikin solder ƙananan ƙananan ne, yankin da zafi ya shafa yana da kunkuntar, lalacewar walda yana da ƙananan, kuma daidaiton girman walda yana da girma;
(2) Yana iya walda kayan da ke da wahalar walda ta hanyoyin walda na al'ada, irin su walda mai hana karafa irin su tungsten, molybdenum, tantalum, da zirconium;
(3) Ƙarfe marasa ƙarfe za a iya walda su a cikin iska ba tare da ƙarin iskar gas ba;
(4) Kayan aiki yana da rikitarwa kuma farashin yana da yawa.
2. Walda Gas
Ana amfani da walda na iskar gas a cikin walda na faranti na bakin ciki, ƙananan kayan narkewa (ƙarfe ba na ƙarfe da kayan haɗin gwiwa), sassa na ƙarfe da kayan aikin ƙarfe mai ƙarfi, da gyaran walda na ɓarna da ɓarna, gyaran wuta na sassa. nakasawa, da dai sauransu.
3. Arc walda
Ana iya raba walda ta hannun hannu da walƙiyar baka mai nutsewa
(1) Manual baka waldi iya yin Multi-matsayi waldi kamar lebur waldi, a tsaye waldi, a kwance waldi da sama waldi. Bugu da ƙari, saboda kayan aikin walda na baka yana da šaukuwa kuma mai sassauƙa wajen sarrafawa, ana iya yin ayyukan walda a kowane wuri tare da samar da wutar lantarki. Ya dace da walda na kayan ƙarfe daban-daban, kauri daban-daban da siffofi daban-daban;
(2) Submerged baka waldi gabaɗaya dace ne kawai ga lebur waldi matsayi, kuma bai dace da walda bakin ciki faranti tare da kauri kasa da 1mm. Saboda zurfin shigar azzakari cikin farji na submerged baka waldi, high yawan aiki da kuma babban mataki na mechanized aiki, shi ya dace da waldi dogon welds na matsakaici da kuma lokacin farin ciki farantin Tsarin. Kayayyakin da za a iya walda su ta hanyar waldawar arc da ke ƙarƙashin ruwa sun ɓullo daga carbon structural karfe zuwa ƙaramin tsarin ƙarfe, bakin karfe, ƙarfe mai jure zafi, da sauransu, da kuma wasu ƙananan ƙarfe waɗanda ba na ƙarfe ba, kamar gami da nickel, titanium. alloys, da kuma jan karfe gami.
4. Walda Gas
Welding Arc wanda ke amfani da iskar gas na waje a matsayin matsakaiciyar baka kuma yana kare baka da yankin walda ana kiransa waldawar bakar gas, ko walda gas a takaice. Ana rarraba waldawar wutar lantarki ta iskar gas zuwa electrode mara narkewa (tungsten electrode) iskar gas mai kariya da waldawa da narkewar walda, oxidizing gauraye mai garkuwar walda, iskar gas ɗin CO2 da walƙiya mai garkuwar tubular waya gas gwargwadon narkakkar wutar lantarki ko narkakkar. ba kuma iskar kariya ta bambanta.
Daga cikin su, ana iya amfani da walda wanda ba ya narkewa sosai wajen walda kusan dukkan karafa da gami, amma saboda tsadar sa, ana amfani da shi wajen walda karafan da ba na tafe ba kamar aluminum, magnesium, titanium da tagulla, kamar haka kuma bakin karfe da karfe mai jure zafi. Bugu da kari ga babban abũbuwan amfãni daga non-narke electrode gas garkuwa waldi (za a iya welded a daban-daban matsayi; dace da waldi na mafi karafa kamar wadanda ba ferrous karafa, bakin karfe, zafi-resistant karfe, carbon karfe, da gami karfe) , Har ila yau, yana da fa'idodi na saurin waldawa da sauri da ingantaccen ajiya mafi girma.
5. Plasma baka walda
Ana amfani da baka na Plasma a ko'ina wajen walda, zane-zane da kuma surfacing. Yana iya walda kayan aiki masu sirara da sirara (kamar walda na ƙananan ƙarfe na bakin ciki ƙasa da 1mm).
6. Electroslag waldi
Walda Electroslag na iya walda nau'ikan ƙarfe na tsarin carbon daban-daban, ƙananan ƙarfe mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, ƙarfe mai juriya da zafi da matsakaicin gami, kuma an yi amfani da shi sosai wajen kera tukunyar jirgi, tasoshin matsa lamba, injina masu nauyi, kayan ƙarfe da jiragen ruwa. Bugu da kari, za a iya amfani da walda na electroslag don manyan-yanayi surfacing da kuma gyara waldi.
7. Electron katako walda
Kayan aikin walda na lantarki yana da rikitarwa, tsada, kuma yana buƙatar kulawa mai yawa; buƙatun taro na weldments suna da girma, kuma girman yana iyakance ta girman ɗakin ɗaki; Ana buƙatar kariya ta X-ray. Electron katako waldi za a iya amfani da weld mafi karafa da gami da workpieces bukatar kananan nakasawa da high quality. A halin yanzu, ana amfani da walda na lantarki da yawa a cikin ingantattun kayan aiki, mita da masana'antu na lantarki.
Brazing-Amfani da kayan ƙarfe tare da ƙaramin narkewa fiye da ƙarfe na tushe a matsayin mai siyar, ta yin amfani da sodar ruwa don jika ƙarfen tushe, cika rata, da tsaka-tsaki tare da ƙarfen tushe don gane haɗin walda.
1. Ciwon wuta:
Flame brazing ya dace da brazing na kayan kamar carbon karfe, simintin ƙarfe, jan karfe da gami. Harshen oxyacetylene harshen wuta ne da aka saba amfani da shi.
2. Resistance brazing
Resistance brazing ya kasu zuwa dumama kai tsaye da kuma kaikaice dumama. Juriya na dumama kai tsaye ya dace da brazing na weldments tare da manyan bambance-bambance a cikin kaddarorin thermophysical da manyan bambance-bambance a cikin kauri. 3. Induzing da Induzing: Induction na haifar da dumama mai sauri, babban aiki, dumama na gida, kuma mai sauƙin sarrafa kansa. Dangane da hanyar kariyar, ana iya raba shi zuwa induction brazing a cikin iska, induction brazing a cikin garkuwar gas da induction brazing a cikin injin.
Matsa lamba waldi - tsarin walda dole ne ya haifar da matsa lamba akan walda, wanda aka raba zuwa juriya waldi da ultrasonic waldi.
1. Juriya walda
Akwai manyan hanyoyin walda masu juriya guda huɗu, wato tabo waldi, walda ɗin kabu, walƙiya tsinkaya da walƙiyar gindi. Welding Spot ya dace da hatimi da birgima na ɓangarorin faranti na bakin ciki waɗanda za a iya haɗa su, haɗin gwiwa ba sa buƙatar iska, kuma kauri bai wuce 3mm ba. Kabu waldi ne yadu amfani a takardar waldi na man ganguna, gwangwani, radiators, jirgin sama da kuma mota man tankunan. Hasashen walda ne yafi amfani da waldi stamping sassa na low carbon karfe da low gami karfe. Mafi dacewa kauri ga farantin tsinkaya waldi ne 0.5-4mm.
2. Ultrasonic waldi
Ultrasonic waldi ne bisa manufa dace da waldi mafi thermoplastics.
Lokacin aikawa: Maris 29-2023
