Mahimman tsari irin su tukunyar jirgi da tasoshin matsa lamba suna buƙatar haɗin gwiwa don walda su lafiya, amma saboda girman tsari da ƙayyadaddun tsari, walda mai gefe biyu ba ya yiwuwa a wasu lokuta. Hanya na musamman na aiki na tsagi mai gefe ɗaya kawai zai iya zama walda mai gefe ɗaya da fasaha mai ƙira mai gefe biyu, wanda shine ƙwarewar aiki mai wahala a cikin walda ta hannu.
Lokacin walda a tsaye, saboda yawan zafin jiki na narkakken tafkin, a ƙarƙashin aikin nauyi, narkakken ɗigon ruwa da aka samu ta hanyar narkewar lantarki da narkakken baƙin ƙarfe a cikin narkakken tafkin suna da sauƙin ɗigowa don samar da kututturen walda da kuma raguwa. a bangarorin biyu na weld. Lokacin da zafin jiki ya yi ƙasa da ƙasa, akwai yuwuwar haɗaɗɗun slag, kuma lahani irin su shigar da ba su cika ba da wuraren walda suna samun sauƙi a gefen baya, yana da wahala a samar da walda. Yanayin zafi na narkakken tafkin ba shi da sauƙi a iya tantancewa kai tsaye, amma yana da alaƙa da siffar da girman narkakken tafkin. Don haka, muddin aka lura da siffa da girman tafkin ruwan narkakkar a hankali da kuma sarrafa shi yayin walda, za a iya sarrafa yanayin zafi na narkakken tafkin kuma za a iya cimma manufar tabbatar da ingancin walda.
Dangane da kwarewar maigidan sama da shekaru goma, ana iya taƙaita wannan doka cikin kalmomi masu zuwa:
1. The kwana na walda sanda yana da matukar muhimmanci, kuma walda ƙayyadaddun ne makawa.
A lokacin walda a tsaye, saboda ɗigon ruwa da aka samu ta hanyar narkewar lantarki da narkakken baƙin ƙarfe a cikin narkakkar tafki, yana da sauƙi a ɗigo ƙasa don samar da dunƙulewar walda, kuma an samu raguwar ɓangarorin biyu na weld ɗin, wanda ya lalace. siffar weld. Jagora madaidaicin ƙayyadaddun walda kuma daidaita kusurwar lantarki da saurin wutar lantarki gwargwadon canje-canjen yanayin walda. The kwana tsakanin walda sanda da surface na waldi ne 90 ° a hagu da dama shugabanci, da waldi kabu.
The kwana na waldi ne 70 ° ~ 80 ° a farkon waldi, 45 ° ~ 60 ° a tsakiyar, da kuma 20 ° ~ 30 ° a karshen. The taro ratar ne 3-4㎜, da kuma karami lantarki diamita Φ3.2㎜ da karami waldi halin yanzu ya kamata a zaba. A kasa waldi ne 110-115A, matsakaicin mika mulki Layer ne 115-120A, da kuma murfin Layer ne 105-110A. . A halin yanzu gabaɗaya karami fiye da na walda mai lebur
12% zuwa 15%, don rage girman narkakkar tafkin, ta yadda ya rage tasirin nauyi, wanda ke da tasiri ga ɗigon ruwa mai yawa. Ana amfani da walda na gajeriyar baka don rage nisa daga ɗigon ruwa zuwa narkakken tafkin don samar da gajeriyar da'ira mai wuce kima.
2. Kula da tafkin narkewa, saurari sautin baka, kuma ku kiyaye siffar ramin narkewa a zuciya.
Goyan bayan walda a tushen walda shine mabuɗin don tabbatar da ingancin walda. Ana amfani da hanyar kashe baka don waldawa. Ƙaƙwalwar ƙira ta walƙiya a tsaye tana ɗan hankali a hankali fiye da na walda, sau 30 zuwa 40 a cikin minti ɗaya. Arc ɗin yana ɗan ɗan tsayi lokacin walda a kowane wuri, don haka naman walda na walda a tsaye ya fi na walda mai kauri. Lokacin waldawa, fara walda daga ƙananan ƙarshen. The kwana na kasa electrode ne game da 70 ° ~ 80 °. Ana ɗaukar waldar shigar da dannawa biyu. Ana kunna baka a gefen tsagi kuma an riga an yi zafi da narke tare da wurin waldawar tabo zuwa tushen. Lokacin da baka ya shiga Ana samun sautin “juyawa” daga bevel, kuma idan ka ga ramin narkewa da samuwar wurin zama na tafki, nan da nan ya ɗaga na’urar don kashe baka. Sa'an nan kuma sake kunna daya gefen tsagi, kuma na biyu narkakken tafkin ya kamata ya danna 1/2 zuwa 2/3 na narkakkar tafkin farko da ya fara ƙarfafawa, ta yadda za a iya samun dukkan walda ta hanyar amfani da baka na hagu da dama. lalacewa. Ya kamata a yi amfani da sassaucin wuyan hannu don kashe baka, kuma a kashe baka da tsafta a kowane lokaci, ta yadda ruwan narkakkar ya samu damar yin karfi nan take.
Lokacin da aka kashe baka, za a iya ganin ramin haɗin da aka kafa ta gefen bakin da aka huda. Ramin fusion na walda a tsaye yana da kusan 0.8mm, kuma girman ramin fusion yana da alaƙa da samuwar gefen baya. Ba a shiga bayan ramin fusion sau da yawa, kuma girman ramin fusion ɗin dole ne a kiyaye shi daidai lokacin da ake aiki, don tabbatar da shigar iri ɗaya a tushen tsagi, cikakken bead ɗin walda na baya, da faɗi da tsayi iri ɗaya. A lokacin da priming da canza walda sanda hadin gwiwa, da shafi na hadin gwiwa part dole ne a tsabtace kowane lokaci, da baka ne ignited sake a cikin tsagi, da kwana na walda sanda ne ci gaba welded a game da 10mm tare da kafa weld kabu. kuma yana karawa cikin dinkin weld idan ya kai digiri 90. Ka dan karkata tsakiya hagu da dama, sannan ka danna baka kasa lokaci guda, idan ka ji sautin baka, sai wani rami mai narkewa ya samu, sai a kashe baka nan take, ta yadda bakaken na'urar ta kara zuwa cikin tushen weld, kuma ramin narkewa ya samu kuma an kashe baka nan da nan. Sa'an nan kuma daidai yake da hanyar walƙiya na ƙasa na farko na lantarki, a madadin sake zagayowar arc yana kashe rushewa daga hagu zuwa dama, mai da hankali kan kowane motsi, kula da fa'idar ramin narkewa da narkewar rata a bangarorin biyu, da narkewa. rata a tushen tsagi, kawai Ana iya gani lokacin da baka ya matsa zuwa wancan gefe. An gano cewa ba a haɗa gefen da ba a haɗa shi da kyau ba kuma an saukar da baka kadan don cimma kyakkyawar haɗuwa. Ana sarrafa lokacin kashe baka har sai kashi ɗaya bisa uku na narkakkar tafkin bai da ƙarfi ba. Sake kunna baka.
A lokacin da ake kashe baka, ya kamata a lura cewa idan kowace na'urar lantarki tana da tsayin 80-100mm kawai, wutar lantarki za ta narke da sauri saboda yawan zafi. A wannan lokacin, ya kamata a ƙara lokacin kashe baka don sa narkakkar tafkin ya yi ƙarfi nan take, ta yadda za a hana narkakkar ruwan zafi mai zafi daga faɗuwa da kafa dunƙulen walda. . Lokacin da ragowar 30-40mm kawai na lantarki, shirya don yin aikin kashe baka. Ci gaba da sauke sau biyu ko uku a gefe ɗaya na narkakkar tafkin don sanya narkakkar ruwan ta yi sanyi a hankali, wanda zai iya hana raguwar rami da ramukan baka a gaba da bayan kullin walda. lahani.
3. Zazzabi na narkakken tafkin yana da iko sosai, kuma ana iya inganta ingancin walda
Ana buƙatar cewa raƙuman ruwa na solder a tsakiyar Layer ya zama santsi. Domin tsakiyar biyu yadudduka, diamita na lantarki ne φ3.2㎜, waldi halin yanzu 115-120A, da kwana na lantarki ne game da 70 ° -80 °, da kuma zigzag hanyar da ake amfani da yin amfani da kwana. na lantarki, tsawon baka, saurin walda da tsayawa a bangarorin biyu na tsagi. lokaci don sarrafa narkakkar tafkin zafin jiki. Yi ɓangarorin biyu da kyau kuma a kiyaye siffar tafki mai narkakkarwa.
Lokacin walda Layer na uku, kada ku lalata gefen tsagi, kuma ku bar zurfin kusan 1mm don sanya dunƙulen ciko gaba ɗaya ya zama santsi. Ana amfani da gefen tsagi sama da zurfin a matsayin layin tunani don shimfiɗa harsashi don murfin murfin. Gabaɗaya, ana amfani da sauye-sauyen hagu da dama don tsayawa kaɗan a ɓangarorin biyu na tsagi don narkar da gefen tsagi da 1-2mm, kuma don tabbatar da yanayin zafi na narkakkar tafkin da bangarorin biyu na tsagi. Ma'auni, yawanci lura da siffar narkakkar tafkin, sarrafa ruwan narkakkar zuwa siffar jinjirin ruwa, zama ƙasa da ƙasa a gefe tare da ƙarin narkakkar tafki, kuma a ƙara zama a gefe tare da ƙasa, da ƙididdige tsayi da faɗin walda yayin walda. . Domin naman walda na walda a tsaye ya fi na walda mai kauri, sai a kula da siffar narkakkar naman walda da kuma kaurin naman walda. Idan ƙananan gefen tafkin narkakkar ya fito daga gefe mai laushi, yana nufin cewa zafin ruwan tafkin ya yi yawa. A wannan lokacin, ya kamata a gajarta lokacin ƙona baka da lokacin kashe Arc don rage narkar da zafin tafkin. Dole ne a cika ramuka kafin musanya na'urar lantarki don hana fashewar ramuka.
4. Hanyar sufuri daidai ne, don haka za a iya samar da suturar walda da kyau
Lokacin walda saman murfin, ana iya amfani da hanyar zigzag ko hanyar jigilar kaya mai siffar jinjirin wata yayin walda. Ya kamata safarar tsiri ya kasance tsayayye, gudun ya kamata ya zama ɗan sauri a tsakiyar ƙullin walda, kuma ya kamata a yi ɗan gajeren tasha a gefuna a bangarorin biyu na tsagi. Ƙayyadaddun tsari shine cewa diamita na lantarki shine φ3.2㎜, walƙiyar halin yanzu shine 105-110A, kusurwar lantarki ya kamata a kiyaye shi a kusan 80 °, wutar lantarki tana juyawa hagu da dama don narke gefen tsagi. ta 1-2㎜, kuma girgiza dan kadan sama da ƙasa lokacin da bangarorin suka dakata. Amma idan wutar lantarki ta tashi daga wannan gefe zuwa wancan, bakan da ke tsakiyar ya dan daga sama don ganin siffar gaba daya narkakken tafkin. Idan tafkin narkakkar yana da lebur kuma m, yana nufin cewa yanayin zafi na narkakken tafkin ya fi dacewa, ana yin walda ta al'ada, kuma shimfidar walda ta kasance da kyau. Idan aka gano cewa cikin narkakken tafkin ya zama zagaye, yana nufin cewa yanayin zafi na narkakkar tafki ya ɗan yi girma, kuma hanyar da za a kai sandar ya kamata a gyara nan da nan, wato, lokacin zama na lantarki akan duka biyun. Ya kamata a ƙara ɓangarorin tsagi, saurin sauyawa a tsakiyar ya kamata a hanzarta, kuma ya kamata a rage tsayin baka gwargwadon yadda zai yiwu. Idan ba za a iya mayar da narkakkar tafkin ba, kuma kumburin ya karu, yana nufin zafin narkakken tafkin ya yi yawa, sai a kashe baka nan take, sannan a bar tafkin ya huce. sannan a ci gaba da walda bayan zafin narkakkar tafkin ya ragu.
Lokacin rufe farfajiyar, wajibi ne don tabbatar da cewa gefen weld yana da kyau. Idan aka gano cewa wutar lantarki da aka yanke ta ɗan yi motsi kaɗan, ko kuma ta ɗan daɗe don gyara lahani, saman na iya zama santsi kawai idan saman ya yi yawa. Lokacin da aka haɗa haɗin murfin murfin, zafin jiki na walda yana da ƙasa, wanda ke da lahani ga lahani irin su rashin daidaituwa, ƙaddamar da ƙaddamarwa, haɗin gwiwa, da tsayin daka. Sabili da haka, ingancin murfin kai tsaye yana rinjayar yanayin yanayin walda. Sabili da haka, ana amfani da hanyar preheating don walƙiya a haɗin gwiwa, kuma ana kunna baka daga sama zuwa ƙasa ta hanyar zazzagewa a kusan 15mm sama da ƙarshen farawa na walda, kuma baka yana elongated da 3 zuwa 6mm, da wurin farawa na walda. dinki an riga an yi masa walda. zafi Sa'an nan kuma danna baka kuma sanya shi a cikin 2/3 na asalin dutsen baka na tsawon sau 2 zuwa 3 don cimma kyakkyawar haɗuwa sannan kuma canza zuwa walda ta al'ada.
Kodayake matsayin walda ya bambanta, amma suna da ka'ida ta gama gari. Practice ya tabbatar da cewa zabar da dace waldi tsari sigogi, rike daidai electrode kwana da kuma ƙware uku ayyuka na sa'a sanda, tsananin iko da zafin jiki na narkakkar pool, waldi Lokacin waldi a tsaye, za ka iya samun kyau kwarai weld ingancin da kyau weld. siffa.
Lokacin aikawa: Maris 29-2023
