Menene hakowa?
Yadda za a tono rami?
Yadda za a sa hakowa ya fi daidai?
An yi bayani sosai a ƙasa, bari mu duba.
1. Basic Concepts na hakowa
Gabaɗaya magana, haƙowa na nufin hanyar sarrafawa da ke amfani da rawar soja don sarrafa ramuka a saman samfurin. Gabaɗaya magana, lokacin da ake haƙa samfuran akan injin haƙowa, ɗigon rawar ya kamata ya kammala motsi biyu lokaci guda:
① Babban motsi, wato, motsi na jujjuyawar motsa jiki a kusa da axis (yanke motsi);
② Motsi na biyu, wato, motsi na linzamin kwamfuta na rawar rawar jiki tare da hanyar axis zuwa wurin aiki (motsin ciyarwa).
Lokacin da hakowa, saboda gazawar a cikin rawar soja tsarin, za a bar alamomi a kan sarrafa sassa na samfurin, shafi ingancin aiki na workpiece. Daidaiton sarrafawa gabaɗaya yana ƙasa da matakin IT10, kuma ƙarancin saman yana kusan Ra12.5μm, wanda ke cikin nau'in machining mara kyau. .
2. Tsarin aikin hakowa
1. Alama: Kafin hakowa, fara fahimtar buƙatun zane. Dangane da ainihin daidaitattun buƙatun don hakowa, yi amfani da kayan aiki don alamar tsakiyar layin rami. Dole ne layin tsakiya ya kasance a bayyane kuma daidai, kuma mafi ƙaranci shine mafi kyau. Bayan zana layin, auna da vernier calipers ko karfe mai mulki.
2. Zana filin dubawa ko da'irar dubawa: Bayan zana layin kuma an wuce binciken, filin dubawa ko da'irar dubawa tare da tsakiyar layin rami kamar yadda tsakiyar alamar ya kamata a zana shi azaman layin dubawa yayin hakowa na gwaji don sauƙaƙe dubawa. a lokacin hakowa. kuma daidai yanayin hakowa.
3. Tabbatarwa da naushi: Bayan zana filin dubawa daidai ko da'irar dubawa, tabbatarwa da naushi ya kamata a yi a hankali. Da farko ka yi ɗan ƙaramin batu, sannan a auna sau da yawa a wurare daban-daban na layin tsakiyar giciye don ganin ko ramin ɗin da gaske ya buga a mahadar layin tsakiyar, sannan a buga samfurin a madaidaiciya, zagaye, da faɗin shugabanci. don daidaitaccen wuri. Wukar tana tsakiya.
4. Matsawa: Yi amfani da tsumma don tsaftace tebur na inji, daɗaɗɗen kayan aiki, da saman datum ɗin aiki, sa'an nan kuma danna workpiece. Maƙerin ya kamata ya zama santsi kuma abin dogaro kamar yadda ake buƙata, kuma ya dace don bincike da aunawa a kowane lokaci. Wajibi ne a kula da hanyar clamping na kayan aiki don hana aikin aikin daga lalacewa saboda ƙullawa.
5. Gwajin hakowa: Dole ne a yi hakowa na gwaji kafin hakowa na yau da kullun: daidaita gefuna na ɗigon ramin tare da tsakiyar rami kuma a haƙa rami mara zurfi, sannan a duba a gani ko alkiblar ramin ɗin daidai ne. Hakanan wajibi ne a koyaushe gyara karkatacciyar hanya don yin rami mara zurfi da da'irar dubawa Coaxial. Idan karkatacciyar ƙanƙara ce, za a iya tura kayan aikin a gaban karkatacciyar hanya yayin hakowa don cimma gyare-gyare a hankali.
6. Hakowa: Hakowa na'ura gabaɗaya ta dogara ne akan aikin ciyarwar da hannu. Lokacin da ake buƙatar daidaiton matsayin gwajin hakowa, ana iya aiwatar da hakowa. Lokacin ciyarwa da hannu, ƙarfin ciyarwar bai kamata ya sa ɗigon rawar soja ya lanƙwasa don hana ramin ramin karkata ba.
3. Hanyoyi don mafi girma hakowa daidaito
1. Ƙirar rawar jiki shine farkon komai
Ya kamata a zaɓi madaidaicin abin da ya dace don kaifi kafin hakowa. Baya ga tabbatar da ingantacciyar kusurwar tsaye, kusurwar sharewa, da gefuna gefuna, ƙwanƙwasa mai kaifi yana da tsayi iri ɗaya na manyan gefuna guda biyu kuma yana daidai da tsakiyar layin rawar sojan, kuma manyan saman gefen gefen biyu suna santsi. , don sauƙaƙe tsakiya da kuma rage girman bangon ramin. , gefen chisel da babban yankan ya kamata kuma a niƙa su da kyau (yana da kyau a fara niƙa a kan injin niƙa, sannan a niƙa mai kyau a kan dutsen mai).
Kayan aikin Xinfa CNC suna da halaye na inganci mai kyau da ƙarancin farashi. Don cikakkun bayanai, da fatan za a ziyarci:
CNC Tools Manufacturers - China CNC Tools Factory & Suppliers (xinfatools.com)
2. Madaidaicin zanen layi shine tushe
Lokacin amfani da ma'aunin tsayi don yiwa layuka alama daidai, da farko, yakamata ku tabbatar da cewa jeri daidai ne. Lokacin yin alama, tabbatar da cewa kusurwar tsakanin kusurwar allura da alamar jirgin sama na aikin aikin yana da digiri 40 zuwa 60 (tare da jagorar alamar), don haka layin da aka zana sun bayyana a fili har ma. Kula da zaɓin jirgin saman datum mai rubutu. Dole ne a sarrafa jirgin datum daidai kuma dole ne a tabbatar da bacinsa da daidaitarsa zuwa saman da ke kusa. Bayan an zana layin ramin ramuka, don tabbatar da daidaitawa cikin sauƙi lokacin da ake hakowa, yi amfani da nau'in tsakiya don fitar da tsakiyar tsakiyar kan giciye (madaidaicin buɗaɗɗen dole ne ya zama ƙarami kuma jagorar dole ne ya zama daidai).
3. Matsa daidai shine maɓalli
A al'ada, don ramuka tare da diamita kasa da 6 mm, idan daidaito bai yi girma ba, zaka iya amfani da pliers na hannu don manne kayan aikin don hakowa; ga ramuka tsakanin 6 da 10 mm, idan workpiece ne na yau da kullum da kuma lebur, za ka iya amfani da lebur-hanci pliers, amma workpiece ya zama The surface ne perpendicular zuwa hakowa inji sandar. Lokacin hako rami tare da diamita mafi girma, dole ne a gyara maƙallan hanci mai lebur tare da farantin karfe; don manyan kayan aiki tare da diamita na hakowa fiye da 10 mm, yi amfani da hanyar damfara farantin matsa lamba don rawar soja.
4. Nemo maɓalli daidai shine maɓalli
Bayan aikin da aka clamped, kada ku yi gaggawar sauke rawar soja. alignment ya kamata a fara yi. Daidaitawa ya haɗa da daidaitawa a tsaye da daidaitawa mai ƙarfi. A abin da ake kira a tsaye jeri yana nufin jeri kafin a fara hakowa inji, sabõda haka, cibiyar line na hakowa inji sandal da intersection na workpiece giciye line ne masu hada kai. Wannan hanyar tana da aminci kuma mai dacewa ga masu farawa kuma yana da sauƙin ƙwarewa. Duk da haka, baya la'akari da jujjuyawar na'urar hakowa, misali. da sauran abubuwan da ba su da tabbas, daidaiton hakowa ya ragu. Ana yin jeri mai ƙarfi bayan an fara injin hakowa. Lokacin daidaitawa, ana la'akari da wasu abubuwan da ba su da tabbas, kuma daidaito yana da girma.
5. Kulawa da hankali yana da mahimmanci
Binciken zai iya gano daidai kuma a kan lokaci don gano daidaiton ramin don a iya ɗaukar matakan da suka dace don ramawa. Don ramukan da ke da daidaiton hakowa, gabaɗaya muna amfani da hakowa, reaming, da dabarun sarrafa reaming. Bayan hako ƙaramin rami a mataki na farko, yi amfani da caliper don gano kuskuren kuskure daga tsakiyar rami na ƙasa zuwa datum. Bayan ma'auni na ainihi, ƙididdige matsayi na rami na ƙasa da cibiyar manufa. Idan kuskuren bai wuce 0.10mm ba, zaku iya fadada rami. Dace ƙara rawar soja tip kwana, raunana atomatik centering sakamako, yadda ya kamata tura da workpiece a cikin tabbatacce shugabanci, kuma a hankali ƙara rawar soja tip diamita don rama. Idan kuskuren ya fi 0.10mm, ana iya amfani da fayil ɗin zagaye iri-iri don datsa bangon gefen ramin ƙasa. Ya kamata a haɗa ɓangaren da aka gyara tare da baka na rami na ƙasa a cikin sauƙi mai sauƙi.
Lokacin aikawa: Fabrairu-22-2024
