1. Amfani da nitrogen
Nitrogen ba shi da launi, mara guba, iskar gas marar wari. Sabili da haka, an yi amfani da iskar iskar gas a ko'ina a matsayin iskar kariya. An yi amfani da nitrogen mai ruwa a ko'ina azaman matsakaicin daskarewa wanda zai iya yin hulɗa da iska. Gas ne mai matukar muhimmanci. , wasu amfani na yau da kullun sune kamar haka:
1. Karfe aiki: nitrogen tushen don zafi jiyya kamar haske quenching, mai haske annealing, nitriding, nitrocarburizing, taushi carbonization, da dai sauransu.; m gas a lokacin waldi da foda metallurgy sintering matakai, da dai sauransu.
2. Chemical synthesis: Nitrogen yawanci ana amfani dashi don haɗa ammonia. Hanyar amsawa ita ce N2 + 3H2 = 2NH3 (yanayin shine babban matsa lamba, babban zafin jiki, da kuma mai kara kuzari. Halin da ake yi shi ne abin da zai iya canzawa) ko fiber na roba (nailan, acrylic), resin roba, roba roba, da dai sauransu muhimman albarkatun kasa. Nitrogen sinadari ne wanda kuma ana iya amfani dashi wajen yin takin zamani. Misali: ammonium bicarbonate NH4HCO3, ammonium chloride NH4Cl, ammonium nitrate NH4NO3, da dai sauransu.
3. Masana'antar Lantarki: Tushen Nitrogen don sarrafa manyan haɗe-haɗen da'irori, bututun hoto na TV masu launi, abubuwan talabijin da rediyo da abubuwan haɗin semiconductor.
4. Masana'antar ƙarfe: iskar gas mai kariya don ci gaba da simintin gyare-gyare, ci gaba da mirgina da ƙarar ƙarfe; hade nitrogen hurawa a sama da kasa na Converter for steelmaking, sealing for Converter steelmaking, sealing for tsãwa tanderu saman, gas ga pulverized kwal allura ga fashewa tanderu ironmaking, da dai sauransu.
5. Adana abinci: ajiya mai cike da nitrogen da adana hatsi, 'ya'yan itatuwa, kayan lambu, da dai sauransu; cike da nitrogen cike da marufi na nama, cuku, mustard, shayi da kofi, da sauransu; cike da nitrogen da iskar oxygen-kare adana ruwan 'ya'yan itace, danyen mai da jam, da dai sauransu; daban-daban Bottle-kamar ruwan inabi tsarkakewa da ɗaukar hoto, da dai sauransu.
6. Masana'antar harhada magunguna: cike da Nitrogen ajiya da adana magungunan gargajiya na kasar Sin (kamar ginseng); Nitrogen-cikakken injections na magungunan Yammacin Turai; Ma'ajiyar Nitrogen da kwantena; Tushen iskar gas don jigilar magunguna na pneumatic, da sauransu.
7. Masana'antar sinadarai: iskar gas mai karewa a maye gurbin, tsaftacewa, rufewa, ganowar leak, bushewar coke quenching; iskar gas da ake amfani da shi wajen sake haifuwa mai kara kuzari, raguwar man fetur, samar da fiber sinadaran, da sauransu.
8. Masana'antar taki: albarkatun takin nitrogen; iskar gas don maye gurbin, rufewa, wankewa, da kariyar mai kara kuzari.
9. Filastik masana'antu: pneumatic watsa na roba barbashi; anti-oxidation a cikin samar da filastik da ajiya, da dai sauransu.
10. Roba masana'antu: roba marufi da kuma ajiya; samar da taya, da dai sauransu.
11. Gilashin masana'antu: gas mai kariya a cikin tsarin samar da gilashin iyo.
12. Man fetur masana'antu: nitrogen cajin da tsarkakewa na ajiya, kwantena, catalytic fasa hasumiya, bututu, da dai sauransu.; gwajin kwararar iska na tsarin bututu, da dai sauransu.
13. Haɓaka mai a teku; Rufe gas na dandamali a cikin hakar mai a cikin teku, allurar matsin lamba na nitrogen don hakar mai, shigar da tankunan ajiya, kwantena, da sauransu.
14. Warehousing: Don hana abubuwan ƙonewa a cikin ɗakunan ajiya da ɗakunan ajiya daga kama wuta da fashewa, cika su da nitrogen.
15. Jirgin ruwa: iskar gas da ake amfani da shi don tsaftace tanki da kariya.
16. Fasahar sararin samaniya: roka mai ƙara kuzari, ƙaddamar da gas mai maye gurbin gas da iskar kariya mai aminci, iskar gas mai sarrafa sama jannati, ɗakin kwaikwaiyo sararin samaniya, iskar gas don bututun mai na jirgin sama, da dai sauransu.
17. Aikace-aikace a cikin masana'antar hakar mai, iskar gas, da kwal: Cika rijiyar mai da nitrogen ba zai iya ƙara matsa lamba a cikin rijiyar da ƙara yawan mai ba, har ma ana iya amfani da nitrogen a matsayin matashi don auna bututu. , gaba daya guje wa matsin laka a cikin rijiyar. Yiwuwar murkushe ginshiƙin ƙananan bututu. Bugu da ƙari, ana amfani da nitrogen a cikin ayyukan ƙasa kamar acidification, fracturing, hydraulic blowholes, da na'ura mai kwakwalwa. Cika iskar gas tare da nitrogen na iya rage ƙimar calorific. Lokacin maye gurbin bututun mai da danyen mai, ana iya amfani da nitrogen mai ruwa don ƙonewa da allura kayan a ƙarshen biyu don ƙarfafawa da rufe su.
18. Wasu:
A. Paints da sutura suna cike da nitrogen da oxygen don hana polymerization na bushewa mai; Tankunan ajiyar mai da iskar gas, kwantena, da bututun sufuri suna cike da nitrogen da oxygen, da sauransu.
B. Tayoyin mota
(1) Inganta kwanciyar hankali da kwanciyar hankali
Nitrogen kusan iskar diatomic iskar gas ce mai ƙarancin aiki da sinadarai. Kwayoyin iskar gas sun fi na iskar oxygen girma, ba su da saurin faɗaɗa zafi da ƙanƙancewa, kuma suna da ɗan ƙaramin nakasu. Yawan shigarsa cikin bangon taya yana kusan 30 zuwa 40% a hankali fiye da na iska, kuma yana iya kula da daidaita karfin taya, inganta kwanciyar hankali na tuki, da tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali; nitrogen yana da ƙananan motsin sauti, daidai da 1/5 na iska na yau da kullun. Yin amfani da nitrogen na iya rage hayaniyar taya yadda ya kamata da inganta shuruwar tuki.
(2) Hana busa tayar da gudu daga iska
Tayoyin fala-fala su ne na farko da ke haddasa hadurran ababen hawa. Bisa kididdigar da aka yi, kashi 46 cikin 100 na hadurran ababen hawa a kan manyan tituna na faruwa ne sakamakon gazawar taya, wanda busa ta ya kai kashi 70 cikin 100 na yawan hadurran taya. Lokacin da motar ke tuƙi, zafin taya zai tashi saboda gogayya da ƙasa. Musamman lokacin tuki cikin sauri da birki na gaggawa, zafin iskar gas da ke cikin taya zai tashi da sauri kuma karfin taya zai karu sosai, don haka akwai yuwuwar busa taya. Yanayin zafi yana haifar da tsufa na roba, yana rage ƙarfin gajiya, kuma yana haifar da lalacewa mai tsanani, wanda kuma yana da mahimmanci ga yiwuwar busa tayoyin. Idan aka kwatanta da iska mai ƙarfi na yau da kullun, ƙarancin nitrogen mai tsafta ba shi da iskar oxygen kuma ya ƙunshi kusan babu ruwa ko mai. Yana da ƙarancin haɓaka haɓakar haɓakar thermal, ƙarancin ƙarancin zafin jiki, jinkirin haɓakar zafin jiki, wanda ke rage saurin tarin zafin taya, kuma ba mai ƙonewa kuma baya goyan bayan konewa. , don haka ana iya rage yiwuwar busa taya sosai.
(3) Tsawaita rayuwar sabis na taya
Bayan yin amfani da nitrogen, matsa lamba na taya ya tsaya tsayin daka kuma canjin ƙara yana da ƙarami, wanda ke rage girman yiwuwar rashin daidaituwa na taya, irin su rawanin rawani, takalman taya, da lalacewa mai mahimmanci, kuma yana ƙara rayuwar sabis na taya; tsufa na roba yana shafar kwayoyin oxygen a cikin iska Saboda iskar oxygen, ƙarfinsa da elasticity yana raguwa bayan tsufa, kuma za a sami tsagewa. Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin dalilan da ke haifar da raguwar rayuwar taya. Na'urar rabuwar nitrogen na iya kawar da iskar oxygen, sulfur, mai, ruwa da sauran ƙazanta a cikin iska zuwa mafi girma, yadda ya kamata rage ƙimar iskar oxygen ta cikin rufin taya da lalatar roba, kuma ba zai lalata bakin ƙarfe ba, yana faɗaɗa rayuwar taya. . Rayuwar sabis ɗin kuma tana rage tsatsa ta gefen.
(4) Rage shan mai da kare muhalli
Rashin isassun matsi na taya da ƙara juriya na jujjuyawa bayan dumama zai haifar da karuwar yawan man fetur lokacin tuƙi. Nitrogen, baya ga kula da tsayayyen matsin taya da jinkirta rage karfin taya, bushewa ne, ba shi da mai ko ruwa, kuma yana da ƙarancin zafin jiki. , Jinkirin yanayin dumama yana rage yawan zafin jiki lokacin da taya ke gudana, kuma lalacewar taya yana da karami, an inganta riko, da dai sauransu, kuma an rage juriya na mirgina, don haka cimma manufar rage yawan man fetur.
2. Aikace-aikace na ruwa nitrogen daskarewa
1. Cryogenic magani: tiyata, cryogenic magani, jini refrigeration, miyagun ƙwayoyi daskarewa da cryogenic crushing, da dai sauransu.
2. Bioengineering: cryopreservation da sufuri na masu daraja shuke-shuke, shuka Kwayoyin, kwayoyin germplasm, da dai sauransu.
3. Karfe sarrafa: daskarewa magani na karfe, daskararre simintin lankwasawa, extrusion da nika, da dai sauransu.
4. sarrafa abinci: kayan aikin daskarewa da sauri, daskarewa abinci da sufuri, da dai sauransu.
5. Fasahar sararin samaniya: ƙaddamar da na'urori, wuraren sanyi na ɗakunan kwaikwayo na sararin samaniya, da dai sauransu.
3. Tare da ci gaban kimiyya da fasaha da ci gaban gine-ginen tattalin arziki, yawan aikace-aikacen nitrogen ya zama mai yaduwa, kuma ya shiga cikin yawancin masana'antu da yankunan rayuwar yau da kullum.
1. Aikace-aikace a cikin maganin zafi na karfe: Nitrogen tushen yanayin zafi magani tare da warin nitrogen a matsayin ainihin bangaren shine sabon fasaha da tsari don ceton makamashi, aminci, rashin gurbata yanayi da cikakken amfani da albarkatun kasa. An nuna cewa kusan dukkanin hanyoyin magance zafi, ciki har da quenching, annealing, carburizing, carbonitriding, nitriding mai laushi da recarburization, za a iya kammala su ta hanyar amfani da iskar gas na tushen nitrogen. Ingancin sassan karfen da ake bi da su na iya zama kwatankwacin na Kwatankwacin jiyya na yanayi na endothermic na gargajiya. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ci gaba, bincike da kuma amfani da wannan sabon tsari a cikin gida da waje suna cikin haɓaka kuma sun sami sakamako mai kyau.
2. Aikace-aikace a cikin masana'antar lantarki: A cikin samar da kayan aikin lantarki da kayan aikin semiconductor, nitrogen tare da tsabta fiye da 99.999% yana buƙatar amfani da shi azaman iskar gas mai kariya. A halin yanzu, ƙasata ta yi amfani da nitrogen mai tsafta azaman iskar gas mai ɗaukar hoto da iskar kariya a cikin ayyukan samar da bututun hoto na TV masu launi, manyan da'irori masu haɗaka, lu'ulu'u na ruwa da wafers silicon semiconductor.
3. Aikace-aikace a cikin tsarin samar da fiber na sinadarai: Ana amfani da nitrogen mai tsabta mai tsabta a matsayin iskar gas mai karewa a cikin samar da fiber na sinadarai don hana samfuran fiber na sinadarai daga zama oxidized yayin samarwa da kuma shafar launi. Mafi girman tsabtar nitrogen, mafi kyawun launi na samfuran fiber na sinadarai. A halin yanzu, wasu sabbin masana'antun fiber na sinadarai a cikin ƙasata suna sanye da na'urorin nitrogen masu tsafta.
4. Aikace-aikace a cikin ajiya da adanawa: A halin yanzu, hanyar da za a rufe ɗakunan ajiya, cika da nitrogen da cire iska an yi amfani dashi sosai a kasashen waje don adana hatsi. Haka nan kasarmu ta yi nasarar gwada wannan hanya kuma ta shiga mataki na ci gaba da aiki da shi. Yin amfani da shaye-shaye na nitrogen wajen adana hatsi irin su shinkafa, alkama, sha’ir, masara, da shinkafa na iya hana kwari, zafi, da mildew, ta yadda za a iya kiyaye su cikin inganci a lokacin bazara. Wannan hanya ita ce a rufe hatsi da kyallen filastik, da farko a kwashe shi zuwa yanayin da ba shi da kyau, sannan a cika shi da nitrogen tare da tsaftar kusan 98% har sai an daidaita matsi na ciki da na waje. Wannan zai iya hana tarin hatsi na iskar oxygen, rage yawan numfashi na hatsi, da kuma hana haifuwa na ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta. Duk masu ciwon ciki za su mutu saboda rashin iskar oxygen a cikin sa'o'i 36. Wannan hanyar rage iskar oxygen da kashe kwari ba wai kawai tana adana kuɗi mai yawa ba (kimanin kashi ɗaya cikin ɗari na farashin fumigation tare da magunguna masu guba irin su zinc phosphide), amma kuma yana kula da sabo da ƙimar abinci mai gina jiki kuma yana hana kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cuta. da gurbacewar miyagun kwayoyi.
Ajiye cike da Nitrogen da adana 'ya'yan itatuwa, kayan marmari, shayi, da dai sauransu kuma shine hanya mafi ci gaba. Wannan hanya za ta iya rage saurin narkewar 'ya'yan itatuwa, kayan marmari, ganyaye, da dai sauransu a cikin mahalli mai yawan nitrogen da ƙarancin iskar oxygen, kamar shigar da yanayin rashin kwanciyar hankali, yana hana bayan bushewa, don haka kiyaye su na dogon lokaci. Dangane da gwaje-gwajen, apples ɗin da aka adana tare da nitrogen har yanzu suna da kyan gani kuma suna da daɗi bayan watanni 8, kuma farashin adana apples a kilogram kusan dime 1 ne. Ma'adinan da ke cike da Nitrogen na iya rage asarar 'ya'yan itace sosai a lokacin bazara, da tabbatar da samar da 'ya'yan itace a kasuwannin da ba a kan lokaci ba, da inganta ingancin 'ya'yan itatuwan da ake fitarwa zuwa kasashen waje, da kuma kara kudin shiga na musayar waje.
Ana zubar da shayin kuma a cika shi da sinadarin nitrogen, wato ana sanya shayin a cikin jakar alluminum-platinum (ko nailan polyethylene-aluminum composite foil) mai nau'i biyu, ana fitar da iska, a zuba nitrogen, sannan a rufe jakar. Bayan shekara guda, ingancin shayi zai zama sabo, miya mai shayi zai kasance mai haske da haske, kuma dandano zai kasance mai tsabta da ƙamshi. Babu shakka, yin amfani da wannan hanyar don adana sabo shayi ya fi kyau fiye da marufi ko daskarewa.
A halin yanzu, yawancin abinci har yanzu ana tattara su cikin marufi ko daskararre. Marufi Vacuum yana da saurin zubar iska, kuma daskararrun marufi yana da saurin lalacewa. Babu ɗayansu da ya kai girman marufi mai cike da nitrogen.
5. Aikace-aikace a cikin fasahar sararin samaniya
Duniyar tana da sanyi, duhu kuma tana cikin matsanancin sarari. Lokacin da mutane suka je sama, dole ne su fara gudanar da gwaje-gwajen simintin sararin samaniya a ƙasa. Dole ne a yi amfani da nitrogen mai ruwa da helium na ruwa don kwaikwaya sarari. Manyan dakunan kwaikwayo na sararin samaniya a Amurka suna amfani da iskar gas mai kubic 300,000 na nitrogen a kowane wata don gudanar da manyan gwaje-gwajen kwaikwaiyon ramin iska. A kan roka, don tabbatar da amintaccen aiki na na'urar hydrogen mai ƙonewa da fashewa, ana shigar da masu kashe gobarar nitrogen a wuraren da suka dace. Nitrogen mai matsanancin matsin lamba kuma shine iskar iskar iskar gas don man roka (ruwa hydrogen-ruwa oxygen) da iskar tsaftacewa don bututun konewa.
Kafin jirgin sama ya tashi ko bayan saukarsa, don tabbatar da aminci da kuma hana haɗarin fashewa a ɗakin konewar injin, yawanci ya zama dole a tsaftace ɗakin konewar injin da nitrogen.
Bugu da kari, nitrogen kuma ana amfani da shi azaman iskar gas mai karewa a cikin ma'aunin atomic reactors.
A takaice, nitrogen yana ƙara samun tagomashi ta fuskar kariya da inshora. Buƙatun nitrogen yana haɓaka tare da haɓakawa da kuma ƙarfafa masana'antu. Tare da haɓakar haɓakar tattalin arzikin ƙasata cikin sauri, adadin nitrogen da ake amfani da shi a ƙasata shima zai ƙaru cikin sauri.
Lokacin aikawa: Fabrairu-22-2024
