Burrs suna ko'ina cikin aikin sarrafa karfe. Ko ta yaya ingantattun kayan aikin da kuke amfani da su, za a haife su tare da samfurin. Yawanci nau'i ne na ƙetare bayanan ƙarfe da aka samar a gefen sarrafa kayan da za a sarrafa saboda nakasar filastik na kayan. Musamman kayan da ke da kyakyawan ductility ko taurin suna musamman ga burrs.
Babban nau'ikan burrs sun haɗa da walƙiya mai walƙiya, burbushin kusurwa mai kaifi, spatter da sauran ragowar ƙarfe masu ƙyalli waɗanda ba su cika buƙatun ƙirar samfura ba. Game da wannan matsala, babu wata hanya mai mahimmanci don kawar da ita a cikin tsarin samarwa ya zuwa yanzu. Sabili da haka, don tabbatar da buƙatun ƙira na samfurin, injiniyoyi za su iya yin aiki tuƙuru kawai akan kawar da tsarin baya. Ya zuwa yanzu, samfuran daban-daban suna da buƙatu daban-daban. Akwai hanyoyi da kayan aiki da yawa don cire burrs.
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Gabaɗaya magana, hanyoyin kawar da burr za a iya raba su zuwa rukuni huɗu:
1. M matakin (hard lamba)
Kasance cikin wannan nau'in shine yankan, niƙa, tattarawa da sarrafa kayan goge baki.
2. Matsayin al'ada (taushi mai laushi)
Kasancewa cikin wannan rukunin sune niƙa bel, niƙa, niƙa dabaran roba da goge goge.
3. Madaidaicin matakin (madaidaicin lamba)
Abubuwan da ke cikin wannan nau'in sun haɗa da sarrafa ruwa, sarrafa sinadarin lantarki, niƙa na lantarki da sarrafa na'ura.
4. Madaidaicin matakin (daidaitaccen lamba)
Kasancewa cikin wannan rukuni sune abrasive ya kwarara deburring, Magnetic nika deburring, electrolytic deburring, thermal deburring da m radium iko ultrasonic deburring, da dai sauransu Irin wannan deburring hanya iya samun isasshen part aiki daidaito.
Lokacin da muka zaɓi hanyar ɓarna, dole ne mu yi la'akari da abubuwa da yawa, kamar halayen kayan abu na ɓangaren, tsarin tsari, girman da daidaito. Musamman ma, dole ne mu mai da hankali ga canje-canje a cikin rashin ƙarfi na ƙasa, juriya mai girma, nakasawa, da saura damuwa.
Abin da ake kira deburring electrolytic hanya ce ta ɓata sinadarai. Yana iya cire burrs bayan machining, nika da stamping, da zagaye ko chamfer gefuna masu kaifi na karfe sassa.
Hanyar sarrafa electrolytic da ke amfani da electrolysis don cire burrs daga sassa na karfe, wanda ake kira ECD a Turanci. Gyara kayan aikin cathode (yawanci an yi shi da tagulla) kusa da ɓangaren burr na aikin, tare da wani rata (yawanci 0.3 zuwa 1 mm) tsakanin su. Sashin gudanarwa na cathode na kayan aiki yana daidaitawa tare da gefen burr, kuma sauran saman an rufe su da rufin rufi don maida hankali kan electrolysis akan ɓangaren burr.
A lokacin aiki, an haɗa cathode na kayan aiki zuwa mummunan sandar wutar lantarki na DC, kuma an haɗa aikin aikin zuwa madaidaicin sandar wutar lantarki na DC. A low-matsi electrolyte (yawanci sodium nitrate ko sodium chlorate ruwa bayani) tare da matsa lamba na 0.1 zuwa 0.3 MPa gudana tsakanin workpiece da cathode. Lokacin da aka kunna wutar lantarki ta DC, burrs za su narke a cikin anode kuma a cire su, kuma za a ɗauke su ta hanyar electrolyte.
Electrolyte yana da lalacewa har zuwa wani matsayi, kuma aikin aikin ya kamata a tsaftace shi kuma a tabbatar da tsatsa bayan lalatawa. Electrolytic deburring ya dace don cire burrs daga ramukan giciye a cikin ɓoyayyun sassan ko sassa tare da siffofi masu rikitarwa. Yana da babban ingancin samarwa kuma lokacin yanke hukunci gabaɗaya yana ɗaukar ƴan daƙiƙa kaɗan zuwa dubun daƙiƙai.
Wannan hanya da ake amfani da yawanci don deburring gears, splines, connecting sanduna, bawul jikin da crankshaft mai nassi budewa, kazalika da kaifi kusurwa zagaye, da dai sauransu. A hasara shi ne cewa sassa kusa da burrs kuma suna shafar electrolysis, da kuma surface so. rasa ainihin hasken sa har ma ya shafi daidaiton girman.
Tabbas, ban da cirewar burr electrolytic, akwai kuma hanyoyin cire burr na musamman masu zuwa:
1. Abrasive kwarara deburring
Abrasive flow machining fasahar (AFM) wani sabon tsari ne na gamawa da ɓarna da aka haɓaka a ƙasashen waje a ƙarshen 1970s. Wannan tsari ya dace musamman ga burrs waɗanda kawai suka shiga matakin ƙarshe, amma bai dace da ƙananan ramuka da dogayen ramuka da ƙera ƙarfe tare da katange kasa ba. da dai sauransu ba su dace da sarrafawa ba.
2. Magnetic nika da deburring
Wannan hanya ta samo asali ne daga tsohuwar Tarayyar Soviet, Bulgaria da sauran kasashen Gabashin Turai a cikin 1960s. A tsakiyar shekarun 1980, masana'antun Japan sun gudanar da bincike mai zurfi kan tsarinsa da aikace-aikacensa.
Lokacin niƙa na maganadisu, ana sanya kayan aikin a cikin filin maganadisu da sandunan maganadisu biyu suka kirkira, kuma ana sanya abrasives na maganadisu a cikin ratar da ke tsakanin kayan aikin da sandunan maganadisu. An jera abrasives da kyau tare da jagorancin layukan maganadisu a ƙarƙashin aikin ƙarfin filin maganadisu, suna ƙirƙirar injin niƙa mai laushi da tsauri. Brush, lokacin da workpiece ya juya da kuma girgiza axially a cikin Magnetic filin, da workpiece da abrasive motsi dangi da juna, da abrasive goga grinds saman workpiece; Hanyar niƙa na magnetic na iya niƙa da ɓarna sassa da sauri da sauri, kuma ya dace da Yana da hanyar gamawa tare da ƙarancin saka hannun jari, babban inganci, aikace-aikacen fa'ida da inganci mai kyau ga sassan da aka yi da kayan daban-daban, girma da tsari.
A halin yanzu, kasashen waje suna iya niƙa da kuma lalata saman ciki da na waje na jikin da ke jujjuya, sassa masu lebur, haƙoran gear, filaye masu sarƙaƙƙiya, da sauransu, cire ma'aunin oxide akan wayoyi, da tsaftace allunan da'irar da aka buga, da sauransu.
3. Thermal deburring
Thermal deburring (TED) yana amfani da babban zafin jiki da aka haifar ta hanyar lalatar cakuda hydrogen da iskar oxygen ko oxygen da iskar gas don ƙone burrs. Shi ne a shigar da iskar oxygen da iskar oxygen ko iskar gas da iskar oxygen a cikin rufaffiyar kwantena, sannan a kunna shi ta hanyar tartsatsin wuta, ta yadda cakudar ta fashe a nan take kuma ta fitar da babban adadin kuzarin zafi don cire burrs. Koyaya, bayan aikin aikin ya sami fashewar fashewa, foda mai oxidized zai manne da saman kayan aikin kuma dole ne a tsaftace shi ko pickled.
4. MiLa iko ultrasonic deburring
Fasahar ɓarnawar MiLa mai ƙarfi ta ultrasonic hanya ce ta lalata da ta zama sananne a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. A tsaftacewa yadda ya dace shi ne 10 zuwa 20 sau na talakawa ultrasonic tsaftacewa inji. Ana rarraba ramukan a ko'ina a cikin tankin ruwa, yana kawar da buƙatar tsaftacewa na ultrasonic. Za'a iya kammala sashi a lokaci guda a cikin mintuna 5 zuwa 15.
Mun tattara mafi yawan hanyoyin ɓata lokaci guda 10 ga kowa da kowa:
1) Deburing da hannu
Wannan kuma wata hanya ce da manyan kamfanoni ke amfani da ita, ta amfani da fayiloli, takarda yashi, niƙa, da sauransu azaman kayan aikin taimako. Fayilolin suna da fayil ɗin hannu da motsi na pneumatic.
Taƙaitaccen bayani: Kudin aiki yana da tsada, ingancin aiki ba shi da yawa, kuma yana da wahala a cire hadaddun ramukan giciye. Abubuwan da ake buƙata na fasaha don ma'aikata ba su da yawa, kuma ya dace da samfurori tare da ƙananan burrs da samfurori masu sauƙi.
2) Mutuwa
Yi amfani da mutu da naushi don cire burrs.
Taƙaitaccen bayani: Ana buƙatar wani takamaiman mutun naushi (mutu mai ɗanɗano + mutuƙar bugun naushi) ana buƙatar kuɗin samarwa, kuma ana iya buƙatar mutun siffa. Ya dace da samfurori tare da sassauƙan sassauƙan sassauƙa, kuma inganci da sakamako mai lalacewa sun fi aikin hannu.
3) Nika da deburding
Wannan nau'in cirewa ya haɗa da rawar jiki, fashewar yashi, abin nadi da sauran hanyoyin, waɗanda kamfanoni da yawa ke amfani da su a halin yanzu.
Taƙaitaccen bayani: Akwai matsala cewa cirewar ba ta da tsabta sosai, kuma yana iya zama dole a yi aiki da hannu da sauran burrs ko amfani da wasu hanyoyin don cire burrs. Ya dace da ƙananan samfurori tare da manyan batches.
4) Daskararre bazuwar
Yi amfani da sanyaya don ƙwanƙwasa bursu da sauri, sannan a fesa majigi don cire burar.
Takaitaccen bayani: Farashin kayan aiki ya kai yuan 20,000 zuwa 300,000; ya dace da samfurori tare da ƙananan bangon burr da ƙananan samfurori.
5) Kashe fashewa mai zafi
Ana kuma kiranta kashe zafi da fashewa. Ta hanyar shigar da iskar gas mai ƙonewa a cikin tanderun kayan aiki, sannan ta hanyar aikin wasu kafofin watsa labarai da yanayi, iskar gas ɗin yana fashe nan take, kuma ana amfani da makamashin da fashewar ke haifarwa don narke da cire bursu.
Taƙaitaccen bayani: Kayan aiki yana da tsada (farashi a cikin miliyoyin), yana buƙatar ƙwarewar aiki mai girma, yana da ƙarancin inganci, kuma yana da illa (tsatsa, nakasa); Ana amfani da shi musamman a wasu fagage na madaidaicin madaidaici, irin su madaidaicin sassa na motoci da sararin samaniya.
6) Zane-zanen na'ura
Taƙaitaccen bayani: Kayan aiki ba su da tsada sosai (dubun dubbai), kuma sun dace da aikace-aikace inda tsarin sararin samaniya yana da sauƙi kuma wuraren da ake buƙata na ɓarna suna da sauƙi kuma na yau da kullun.
7) Yin lalata da sinadarai
Yin amfani da ƙa'idar amsawar electrochemical, sassan da aka yi da kayan ƙarfe na iya zama ta atomatik kuma zaɓaɓɓu.
Takaitaccen bayani: Ya dace da burrs na ciki waɗanda ke da wahalar cirewa, kuma ya dace da ƙananan burrs (kauri ƙasa da wayoyi 7) akan jikin famfo, jikin bawul da sauran samfuran.
8) Electrolytic deburring
Hanyar injin lantarki da ke amfani da lantarki don cire burrs daga sassan ƙarfe.
Taƙaitaccen bayani: Electrolyte yana da lalacewa zuwa wani ɗan lokaci, kuma sassan da ke kusa da burrs suma suna shafan electrolysis. Fuskar za ta yi hasarar ƙoshinta na asali har ma ta shafi daidaiton girman. Dole ne a tsaftace kayan aikin kuma a tabbatar da tsatsa bayan an lalata shi. Electrolytic deburring ya dace don cire burrs daga ramukan giciye a cikin ɓoyayyun sassan ko sassa tare da siffofi masu rikitarwa. Yana da babban ingancin samarwa kuma lokacin yanke hukunci gabaɗaya yana ɗaukar ƴan daƙiƙa kaɗan zuwa dubun daƙiƙai. Ya dace da deburring gears, haɗa sanduna, bawul jikin da crankshaft mai nassi budewa, kazalika da kaifi kusurwa zagaye, da dai sauransu.
9) Babban matsa lamba ruwa jet deburring
Yin amfani da ruwa a matsayin matsakaici, ana iya amfani da ƙarfin tasirinsa na gaggawa don cire burrs da walƙiya da aka yi bayan aiki, kuma a lokaci guda cimma manufar tsaftacewa.
Taƙaitaccen bayani: Kayan aikin suna da tsada kuma ana amfani da su a cikin zuciyar motoci da tsarin sarrafa injina na injinan gini.
10) Ultrasonic deburring
Raƙuman ruwa na Ultrasonic suna haifar da babban matsa lamba nan take don cire burrs.
Taƙaitaccen bayani: Galibi don wasu ƙananan bursu. Gabaɗaya, idan ana buƙatar lura da burrs tare da na'urar hangen nesa, zaku iya ƙoƙarin amfani da hanyar ultrasonic don cire su.
Lokacin aikawa: Nuwamba-16-2023
