Saitin kayan aiki shine babban aiki da fasaha mai mahimmanci a cikin injin CNC. A ƙarƙashin wasu sharuɗɗa, daidaiton saitin kayan aiki zai iya ƙayyade daidaiton mashin ɗin sassa. A lokaci guda, ingantaccen saitin kayan aiki shima yana shafar ingancin injin CNC kai tsaye. Bai isa kawai sanin hanyoyin saitin kayan aiki ba. Dole ne ku kuma san hanyoyin saitin kayan aiki daban-daban na tsarin CNC da yadda ake kiran waɗannan hanyoyin a cikin shirin sarrafawa. A lokaci guda, dole ne ku san fa'idodi, rashin amfani, da yanayin amfani na hanyoyin saitin kayan aiki daban-daban.
1. Ka'idar saitin wuka
Manufar saitin kayan aiki shine kafa tsarin daidaita tsarin aiki. A hankali magana, saitin kayan aiki shine tabbatar da matsayin kayan aiki a cikin kayan aikin injin kayan aiki. A gaskiya ma, shine don nemo madaidaicin madaidaicin wurin saitin kayan aiki a cikin tsarin daidaita kayan aikin injin.
Don lathes CNC, dole ne a fara zaɓar wurin saitin kayan aiki kafin aiki. Ma'anar saitin kayan aiki yana nufin wurin farawa na motsi na kayan aiki dangane da kayan aiki lokacin da ake amfani da kayan aikin CNC don aiwatar da aikin. Za'a iya saita wurin saitin kayan aiki akan kayan aikin (kamar ƙirar ƙira ko sanya datum akan kayan aiki), ko ana iya saita shi akan kayan aiki ko na'ura. Idan an saita shi a kan wani wuri akan kayan aiki ko kayan aikin inji, dole ne ma'anar ta kasance daidai da dam ɗin sakawa na kayan aikin. Kula da alaƙar ƙima tare da takamaiman matakin daidaito.
Lokacin saita kayan aiki, wurin matsayi na kayan aiki ya kamata ya dace da wurin saitin kayan aiki. Abin da ake kira ma'anar matsayi na kayan aiki yana nufin matsayi na matsayi na kayan aiki. Don kunna kayan aiki, wurin matsayi na kayan aiki shine tip kayan aiki. Manufar saitin kayan aiki shine don ƙayyade madaidaicin ƙimar daidaitawa na wurin saitin kayan aiki (ko asalin aikin aiki) a cikin tsarin daidaita kayan aikin injin da auna ƙimar karkatar da kayan aiki. Daidaita daidaitaccen madaidaicin maki na kayan aiki yana rinjayar daidaitattun injina.
Lokacin da zahiri sarrafa workpiece, ta amfani da daya kayan aiki gaba ɗaya ba zai iya saduwa da aiki da bukatun na workpiece, da mahara kayayyakin aiki, yawanci amfani da aiki. Lokacin amfani da kayan aikin juyawa da yawa don sarrafawa, lokacin da canjin kayan aiki ya kasance ba canzawa ba, matsayi na geometric na ma'anar kayan aiki zai bambanta bayan canjin kayan aiki, wanda ke buƙatar kayan aiki daban-daban don samun damar aiwatarwa a wurare daban-daban na farawa lokacin fara aiki. Tabbatar cewa shirin yana gudana akai-akai.
Kayan aikin Xinfa CNC suna da halaye na inganci mai kyau da ƙarancin farashi. Don cikakkun bayanai, da fatan za a ziyarci:
CNC Tools Manufacturers - China CNC Tools Factory & Suppliers (xinfatools.com)
Don magance wannan matsala, tsarin CNC na'ura yana sanye da kayan aiki na kayan aiki na kayan aiki na geometric. Yin amfani da kayan aiki na matsayin diyya na kayan aiki, kawai kuna buƙatar auna bambancin matsayi na kowane kayan aiki dangane da kayan aiki da aka zaɓa a gaba da shigar da shi cikin tsarin CNC. Ƙayyade lambar rukuni a cikin ginshiƙin gyaran ma'aunin kayan aiki kuma yi amfani da umarnin T a cikin shirin mashin ɗin don ramawa ta atomatik don karkatar da matsayin kayan aiki a cikin hanyar kayan aiki. Hakanan ana buƙatar samun ma'aunin karkatar da matsayin kayan aiki ta hanyar ayyukan saitin kayan aiki.
2. Hanyar saitin wuka
A cikin mashin ɗin CNC, mahimman hanyoyin saitin kayan aiki sun haɗa da hanyar yanke gwaji, saitin kayan aikin kayan aiki da saitin kayan aiki na atomatik. Wannan labarin yana ɗaukar injunan niƙa CNC a matsayin misali don gabatar da hanyoyin saitin kayan aiki da yawa da ake amfani da su.
1. Hanyar yanke gwaji da saitin wuka
Wannan hanya mai sauƙi ne kuma mai dacewa, amma zai bar alamun yankan a saman kayan aikin kuma yana da ƙananan saitunan kayan aiki. Ɗaukar wurin saitin kayan aiki (wanda ya yi daidai da asalin tsarin daidaitawa na workpiece) a tsakiyar farfajiyar aikin a matsayin misali, ana amfani da hanyar saitin kayan aikin biyu.
(1) Saitin kayan aiki a x da y.
① Shigar da workpiece a kan workbench ta matsa. Lokacin danne, ya kamata a sami sarari don saitin kayan aiki a ɓangarorin huɗu na aikin.
② Fara sandal don juyawa a matsakaicin matsakaici, da sauri matsar da worktable da sandal, bari kayan aiki da sauri matsawa zuwa wuri tare da wani amintaccen nesa kusa da gefen hagu na workpiece, sannan rage saurin kuma matsawa kusa da hagu. gefen workpiece.
③ Lokacin gabatowa aikin aikin, yi amfani da aiki mai kyau (yawanci 0.01mm) don kusanci, kuma bari kayan aikin sannu a hankali kusanci gefen hagu na aikin don kayan aikin kawai ya taɓa gefen gefen hagu na workpiece (lura, saurara). da yankan sauti, dubi yankan alamomi, da kuma duba guntu, idan dai Idan wani yanayi ya faru, wanda ke nufin da kayan aiki lambobi da workpiece), sa'an nan ja da baya 0.01mm. Rubuta ƙimar daidaitawa da aka nuna a cikin tsarin daidaita kayan aikin injin a wannan lokacin, kamar -240.500.
④ Mayar da kayan aiki a cikin ingantaccen shugabanci z zuwa saman saman kayan aikin. Yi amfani da wannan hanyar don kusanci gefen dama na workpiece. Yi la'akari da ƙimar daidaitawa da aka nuna a cikin tsarin daidaita kayan aikin injin a wannan lokacin, kamar -340.500.
⑤ Dangane da wannan, ƙimar daidaitawar asalin tsarin daidaitawa na kayan aiki a cikin tsarin daidaita kayan aikin injin shine {-240.500+(-340.500)}/2=-290.500.
⑥ Hakazalika, ana iya auna ƙimar daidaitawa na asalin tsarin daidaitawar tsarin aiki a cikin tsarin daidaita kayan aikin injin.
(2) Saitin kayan aiki a hanyar z.
① Da sauri matsar da kayan aiki a kan workpiece.
② Fara spindle don juyawa a matsakaicin matsakaici, da sauri matsar da worktable da sandal, bari kayan aiki da sauri matsawa zuwa wani wuri kusa da saman saman na workpiece a wani amintaccen nesa, sa'an nan kuma rage gudun don matsar da kayan aiki karshen fuska. kusa da saman saman na workpiece.
③ A lokacin da gabatowa da workpiece, yi amfani da kyau-daidaita aiki (yawanci 0.01mm) don samun kusa, sabõda haka, da karshen fuskar kayan aiki sannu a hankali kusanci saman da workpiece (lura cewa a lokacin da kayan aiki, musamman na karshen niƙa, shi ne mafi kyau ga. yanke a gefen workpiece, yankin inda ƙarshen fuskar mai yankan ke hulɗa da farfajiyar workpiece Kasa da wani semicircle, yi ƙoƙarin kada ku sanya tsakiyar rami na ƙarshen niƙa yanke a ƙarƙashin farfajiyar aikin), yin ƙarshen fuskar kayan aiki kawai taɓa saman saman kayan aikin, sannan sake ɗaga axis, yin rikodin ƙimar z a cikin tsarin daidaita kayan aikin injin a wannan lokacin, -140.400, sannan ƙimar daidaitawar asalin W na tsarin daidaitawa na workpiece a cikin tsarin daidaita kayan aikin injin shine -140.400.
(3) Shigar da ma'aunin x, y, z cikin injin kayan aiki workpiece daidaita adireshin tsarin ajiya G5* (yawanci amfani da lambobin G54 ~ G59 don adana sigogin saitin kayan aiki).
(4) Shigar da yanayin shigar da panel (MDI), shigar da "G5*", danna maɓallin farawa (a cikin yanayin atomatik), kuma kunna G5* don yin tasiri.
(5) Duba ko saitin kayan aiki daidai ne.
2. Feeler ma'auni, daidaitaccen mandrel, Hanyar saitin kayan aiki na toshe
Wannan hanyar tana kama da hanyar saitin kayan aiki na gwaji, sai dai cewa sandar ba ta jujjuya lokacin saitin kayan aiki. Ana ƙara ma'aunin ji (ko daidaitaccen mandrel ko ma'aunin toshe) tsakanin kayan aiki da kayan aikin. Ma'aunin abin ji ba zai iya motsawa cikin 'yanci ba. Kula da lissafi. Lokacin amfani da haɗin kai, ya kamata a rage kauri daga ma'aunin ji. Saboda sandal ba ya buƙatar juyawa don yankan, wannan hanyar ba za ta bar alamomi a saman kayan aikin ba, amma daidaiton saitin kayan aiki bai isa ba.
3. Yi amfani da kayan aiki irin su masu gano bakin, sandunan ɗaiɗai, da saiti don saita kayan aiki.
Matakan aiki sun yi kama da hanyar saitin kayan aiki na gwaji, sai dai an maye gurbin kayan aiki tare da mai gano gefen ko sandar eccentric. Wannan ita ce hanya da aka fi sani. Yana da babban inganci kuma yana iya tabbatar da daidaiton saitin kayan aiki. Lokacin amfani da mai gano gefen, dole ne a kula don tabbatar da cewa ɓangaren ƙwallon ƙarfe yana cikin ɗan ƙaramin lamba tare da kayan aikin. A lokaci guda, aikin aikin da za a sarrafa dole ne ya zama mai jagoranci mai kyau kuma dole ne ya kasance mai ɗorewa mai kyau. Ana amfani da saitin z-axis gabaɗaya don hanyoyin saitin kayan aiki na canja wuri (kai tsaye).
4. Hanyar saitin wuka (kai tsaye).
Sarrafa kayan aiki sau da yawa yana buƙatar amfani da wuka fiye da ɗaya. Tsawon wuka na biyu ya bambanta da tsawon wukar farko. Yana buƙatar sake sifiri. Duk da haka, wani lokacin ma'aunin sifili yakan tafi da injin kuma ba za a iya dawo da ma'aunin sifili kai tsaye ba, ko kuma ba za a iya dawo da ma'aunin sifili kai tsaye ba. An ba da izinin lalata saman da aka sarrafa, kuma akwai wasu kayan aiki ko yanayi inda yake da wuya a saita kayan aiki kai tsaye. A wannan yanayin, ana iya amfani da hanyar canzawa kai tsaye.
(1) Don wuka ta farko
① Don wuka ta farko, har yanzu yi amfani da hanyar yanke gwaji, hanyar ma'auni, da dai sauransu. Rubuta kayan aikin injin daidaita z1 na asalin workpiece a wannan lokacin. Bayan an fara sarrafa kayan aiki na farko, dakatar da igiya.
② Sanya saitin kayan aiki a kan shimfidar shimfidar kayan aikin kayan aikin injin (kamar babban saman vise).
③A cikin yanayin dabarar hannu, yi amfani da hannu don matsar da benci na aiki zuwa wurin da ya dace, matsar da sandar zuwa ƙasa, danna saman saitin kayan aiki tare da ƙarshen wuka na ƙasa, kuma alamar bugun kiran za ta juya, zai fi dacewa a cikin da'irar ɗaya. Kula da axis a wannan lokacin. Saita ƙimar nunin saiti kuma share madaidaicin kusanci zuwa sifili.
④ Ɗaga igiya kuma cire wuka ta farko.
(2) Ga wuka ta biyu.
① Shigar da wuka ta biyu.
② A cikin yanayin motsin hannu, matsar da igiya zuwa ƙasa, danna saman madaidaicin kayan aiki tare da ƙarshen wuka na ƙasa, mai nuna bugun kira zai juya, kuma mai nuni zai nuna alama iri ɗaya A matsayi kamar wuka ta farko.
③ Yi rikodin ƙimar z0 daidai da daidaitawar dangi na axis a wannan lokacin (tare da alamu masu kyau da mara kyau).
④ Ɗaga igiya kuma cire saitin kayan aiki.
Ƙara z0 (tare da alamar ƙari ko ragi) zuwa ainihin bayanan daidaitawar z1 a cikin G5* na kayan aiki na farko don samun sabon haɗin gwiwa.
⑥ Wannan sabon haɗin kai shine ainihin daidaitawar kayan aikin injin wanda ya dace da asalin aikin kayan aiki na biyu. Shigar da shi cikin haɗin G5* na kayan aiki na biyu. Ta wannan hanyar, an saita ma'anar sifili na kayan aiki na biyu. . Sauran wukake an saita su daidai da wuka na biyu.
Lura: Idan kayan aiki da yawa suna amfani da G5* iri ɗaya, ana canza matakan ⑤ da ⑥ don adana z0 a cikin tsayin siga na kayan aiki na No. 2, kuma a kira gyaran tsayin kayan aiki G43H02 lokacin amfani da kayan aiki na biyu don machining.
5. Hanyar saitin wuka na sama
(1) Saitin kayan aiki a x da y.
① Shigar da workpiece a kan na'ura kayan aiki worktable ta wurin gyarawa da kuma maye gurbin shi da cibiyar.
② Matsar da tebur ɗin aiki da igiya da sauri don matsar da tip kusa da kayan aikin, nemo wurin tsakiyar layin zane na workpiece, kuma rage saurin matsar da tip kusa da shi.
③ Yi amfani da aiki mai kyau na daidaitawa maimakon, ta yadda tip a hankali ya kusanci tsakiyar layin zanen aikin har sai tip ɗin ya daidaita da tsakiyar wurin zanen aikin. Yi la'akari da ƙimar daidaitawar x da y a cikin tsarin daidaita kayan aikin injin a wannan lokacin.
(2) Cire cibiyar, shigar da abin yankan niƙa, da amfani da wasu hanyoyin saitin kayan aiki kamar hanyar yanke gwaji, hanyar ma'aunin ji, da sauransu. don samun ƙimar daidaitawar z-axis.
6. Alamar bugun kira (ko alamar bugun kira) Hanyar saitin kayan aiki
Alamar bugun kira (ko alamar bugun kira) Hanyar saitin kayan aiki (wanda aka saba amfani dashi don saitin kayan aiki na zagaye workpieces)
(1) Saitin kayan aiki a x da y.
Shigar da sandar hawan mai nuna bugun kira akan kayan aiki, ko haɗa wurin zama na maganadisu mai nunin bugun kira zuwa hannun sandar sandar. Matsar da benci na aiki domin tsakiyar layin sandal (watau tsakiyar kayan aiki) yana motsawa kusan zuwa tsakiyar kayan aikin, kuma daidaita wurin zama na maganadisu. Tsawon tsayi da kusurwar sandar telescopic sun kasance irin su lambobin sadarwa na alamar bugun kira suna tuntuɓar yanayin kewaye na aikin aikin. (Mai nuni yana juyawa kusan 0.1mm.) A hankali juya sandal ɗin da hannu don sa lambobin alamar bugun kiran su juya tare da kewayen saman aikin. Kula Don duba motsin mai nuna bugun kira, matsar da axis na wurin aiki a hankali a maimaita shi sau da yawa. Lokacin da aka juya sandar, mai nuna alamar bugun kira yana kasancewa a wuri ɗaya (lokacin da kan mita ya juya sau ɗaya, adadin tsallen mai nuni yana cikin kuskuren saitin kayan aiki, kamar 0.02mm), ana iya la'akari da cewa tsakiyar spindle shine axis da asalin axis.
(2) Cire alamar bugun kira kuma shigar da abin yankan niƙa, kuma yi amfani da wasu hanyoyin saitin kayan aiki kamar hanyar yanke gwaji, hanyar ma'auni, da sauransu don samun ƙimar daidaitawar z-axis.
7. Hanyar saitin kayan aiki tare da saitin kayan aiki na musamman
Hanyar saitin kayan aiki na gargajiya yana da gazawa kamar rashin tsaro mara kyau (kamar saitin kayan aikin ma'auni, tip kayan aiki yana da sauƙin lalacewa ta hanyar haɗari mai wuya), ɗaukar lokaci mai yawa na na'ura (kamar yankan gwaji, wanda ke buƙatar maimaita yankan sau da yawa). ), da manyan kurakurai da mutane ke haifarwa. An daidaita shi zuwa Ba tare da rhythm na CNC machining ba, ba shi da amfani don ba da cikakken wasa ga ayyukan kayan aikin CNC.
Yin amfani da saitin kayan aiki na musamman don saita kayan aiki yana da fa'idodin daidaitattun saitin kayan aiki, ingantaccen inganci, da aminci mai kyau. Yana sauƙaƙe aikin saitin kayan aiki mai banƙyama wanda aka ba da garantin ƙwarewa ta hanyar ƙwarewa kuma yana tabbatar da ingantaccen inganci da daidaitattun kayan aikin injin CNC. Ya zama kayan aiki na musamman wanda ke da makawa don saitin kayan aiki akan injin sarrafa CNC.
Lokacin aikawa: Nov-01-2023
